Fairness In The Workplace Essays -- Workplace Essays

Fairness In the WorkplaceAmerican beau monde is slowly, but surely, moving towards equality in the workplace. In the past decade laws provoke been passed that prohibit discrimination in hiring, retaining and promoting employees based on race, gender, disability and religious beliefs. Although not all groups have been included yet, the movement towards a more skilful workplace is evident. Nowadays, almost every single employer will have the sign Equal Opportunity Employer under the name of the company, especially when recruiting. However, even though companies have adopted these standards as a part of their corporate culture, not all people are able to fully appreciate and accept revolution in the workplace. Although at that place are humannessy different issues to be considered, I believe that the most prominent issue is that of socialization - the way people were taught and learned to interact with the society at large and its members. This issue has many various aspects that can help understand the difficulty of accepting diversity. These issues include unfair and outdated expectations of others, fixed views on certain issues, and involuntaryness to admit that problems exist and that they need to be dealt with.The concepts of expectations and fixed views intersect in a few places. Fixed views are not what unmatched expects of someone, but how the person relates and perceives that someone. Strong views are often followed by expectations. For example if one judges that someone else is a violent person, he/she will expect to reassure outbursts of violence. If one has been ?conditioned?, by which I mean that through interaction with society on has learned a particular view or behavior, to think that homosexual relationships are ?disgusting? or at least that they are not ?normal?, one will probably find difficulty with traffic with such instances in the workplace. Williamson, in his article ?Is this the Right Time to Come Out, discusses a situation tha t a young homosexual employee faced at work. His hirer was unable or maybe unwilling to understand the parallels of homo- and heterosexual relationships. In this particular instance, the employee had a chance to tell his employer how he feels. Unfortunately, there are man situations where homosexual employees are afraid of being ridiculed or made uncomfortable about their sexual preference. As the article me... ...nt. However, the most difficult obstacle in removing the above two issues is the unwillingness to admit that those issues exist and deal with them. Some people might be afraid of lawsuits it is understandable that nobody comes out shouting, ?I hate women, what are we going to do now. However, if such problems exist, they will not be removed until they are confronted. McIntosh mentions in her article that men are unwilling to admit that they are privileged and that white people are unwilling to admit that as well. This can be difficult for those who did not have as many or any privileges. I believe that such behavior is the biggest obstacle to solving problems in the workplace.Corporations should actively participate in the quest to moderate the working environment a better, less intimidating place. I believe that this goal can be accomplished through further development of diversity in corporations. Ellen won respect from men in Bahrain only after they started working closely with them. Hopefully, through closer interaction we can start addressing and changing certain views and expectations that will make the new improved corporations feel almost like Aristotle?s ?polis?.

Theme of Love in Joyce’s Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young

Theme of Love in Joyces Dubliners, A Portrait of the artisan as a Young Man, and UlyssesA central understructure in James Joyces works is that of love what is it, and how can we discuss it? Joyce could not bring himself to use the word love when Nora asked him if he loved her he could only say that he was very fond of her, desired her, admired and honored her, and wished to secure her happiness in every way and if these elements were what is called love and then perhaps his affection for her was a kind of love (Ellmann 6). One can read Molly Blooms Oh, rocks. Tell us in seemingly words as Noras answer to Joyces intellectual, complicated answer (Joyce, Ulysses 64). Perhaps as a result of Joyces own concern and questions virtually love, many of his characters are also confused and looking for a definition of love. There are many kinds of love discussed in Joyces works, including love for ideals, family, friends, God, and almost importantly, husband and wife. This paper will explo re the theme of love in Joyces work and show that love is a basic concept in life characters unsure of this concept need to find a concrete definition before they can be comfortable. To do this I will take characters from Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, and Ulysses, using the Greek ideals of agape spiritual love, storge familial love, philia the love between friends, and eros cozy love.Godlike Love AgapeUlysses opens with Buck Mulligan calling Stephen a fearful jesuit and mocking church rituals as he shaves (Joyce, Ulysses 3). The two of import characters of this novel, Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom have each fallen from their respective faiths. They both suffer for their religious affiliations Bloom is excluded and h... ...me to terms with the part of love that is comprised of forgiveness. Stephen is yet doomed to lift in search of the meaning of love, but Bloom has found an incomplete definition, at least of eros. Works CitedBurton, John. ClassicNote. GradeSaver. http//www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/ulysses/. July 5th, 2000. Dibattista, Maria. First Love. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, 1991.Ellmann, Richard. Joyce in Love. Cornell University Library. Ithaca, NY. 1959.Joyce, James. Dubliners. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The Portable James Joyce. Harry Levin, ed. Penguin. 1976, New York. Ulysses. Vintage, New York. 1961.Lockett, Joseph. Four Loves, No Loves. http//www.io.com/jlockett/Grist/English/ulysses.html Valente, Francesca. Joyces Dubliners as Epiphanies. The Modern Word. http//www.themodernword.com/joyce/paper_valente.htmls

Personal Narrative - Slumber Party :: Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative -Slumber PartyThump-thump, breathe thump-thump, breath. My heart beat as if it was pounding out by means of my brain I tried to catch my breath. I heard footsteps coming up behind me like an elephant chasing at my heels. A scream pierced my ears and echoed more times in my mind. My thoughts raced from one thing to an different. After locking the door, the four of us clinched in a corner for nearly an hour.My day had begun normal. I remember I woke up, went to school and found myself with my friends that afternoon. My company was five of my closest pals Becky, Alex, Meredith, Lee, and my boyfriend Cody. We all had hung out many times before and knew each other well. For most of the evening, we sat around telling horror stories and gossiping about classmates. Time passed quickly and soon, it was time to head home.The girls were all planning a nap party at Beckys. Her parents had gone out of town for the weekend, and she was not willing to stay alone. We began our evening of leisure by getting into our P.J s, and returning to our scary stories. in advance realizing it, another hour had passed. All the stories must have gotten to us because before we went upstairs we made sure every light was on in the house.The whisker on the back of my neck began to rise as we listened to the cold aching silence. In the distance we listened to three loud car horns and a door slam. We, then, jumped extraneous from the window and started down the stairs. Half way down the stairs, we stopped dead in our tracks. The roof began to rattle as if someone was climbing across it.Our pulses raced as we flew down the remainder of the stairs. Thump-thump, breath. We huddled together in the kitchen. For our safety, we gathered a sharp knife and a phone. We came up with explanations to relieve our minds deciding that the horn was a neighbor and the thump on the roof was the cat. Calming our thoughts down, we relaxed into a group, sitting on the counter.We laughed at the fools we had been, and grew quiet as we heard several car doors slamming, again. taciturnly staring at one another our eyes grew wide as we hesitated to jump. Alex tried to explain Its just the neighbors.

Sharks :: essays research papers

Sharks"Its tail swayed slowly from side to side, pushing the hunters proboscisthrough the murky water. All signs of motion were non-existant, except for therhythmic movement of the water over the five gill slits on either side of itshead. Slowly gaining speed, the shady figures unmoving eyes fixed on itstarget, a lost harbor seal pup. As the distance surrounded by the piranha and itsprey grew closer, the jaws of the massive fish drew forward, exposing nearlyeight rows of razor sharp teeth. Strings of its previous meal hung in rowsfrom between its teeth. Sensing danger, the harbor seal frantically tried tofind a place to seek refuge, but it was too late. The jaws of the shark closed approximately the seal with an astounding 14,000 pounds of pressure, cutting the sealin half. The Great clean-living shark claims an other victim.1"Any one whos seen the famous movie series "Jaws" may look at the GreatWhite Shark in a similar manner. Perhaps its the way that Hollywood uses a strutof fact and fiction in the series. This may have frightened many people intohating the Great White for its ferocity. It might have also been the sizing ofthe shark in the movie thats kept thousands of people off the beaches and outof the water. Better yet, it could have been the overall storyline A GreatWhite shark with an eating disorder and a taste for human flesh. Perhaps thatswhat is keeping vacationers from grabbing their trousers and snorkels.     Over all, there have been 1026 attacks on humans by sharks in the lastten forms. Only 294 of these attacks have been linked to Great White sharks.Thats roughly the number of people who drown each year in swimming accidents.Of these 294 attacks, less than eighteen percent were fatal. Out of theeighteen fatal incidents more than seventy percent was contributed to loss ofblood. This means that the shark didnt kill the victim. The shark bit thevictim and then released them (also known as the taste test). The shark samplesthe victim by nibbling on an appendage or ii often resulting in a severedartery or other major blood vessel. Therefore, the Great White should beconsidered a mantaster not a maneater.     This intrigued scientists considering the size of the sharks brain. TheGreat Whites brain is about one half the size of a dogs. Over seventy percentof the brain is used for tracking prey. The other thirty percent is used forbody functions. Studies show that the sharks main purpose is to eat.

kids in the butt :: essays research papers

Substance Use and Abuse Among Children and Teenagers During the past several years, there has been a renewed national concern about do drugs abuse, culminating in the current "war on drugs." In this retrospect, we emphasize that even though child or teenage drug use is an individual behavior, it is implant in a sociocultural context that strongly determines its character and manifestations. Our focus is on psychoactive substances both lawful (cig atomic number 18ttes and alcohol) and illegitimate (e.g., cannabis and cocaine). We feel that it is tiny to draw a distinction between use and abuse of drugs and to do so from a multidimensional perspective that includes aspects of the stimulus (drug), organism (individual), response, and consequences. Our selective review of substance use and abuse among children and adolescents covers epidemiology (patterns and extent of drug use), etiology (what generates substance use), prevention (how to limit drug use), treatment (intervent ions with drug users), and consequences (effects and outcomes of youthful drug use). In this abbreviated review, we selectively examine the recent literature and current status of substance use and abuse among children and adolescents. Our focus is on psychoactive substances both licit and illicit, including cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and other drugs. We examine the use and abuse of substances by children and teenagers from five perspectives epidemiology, etiology, prevention, treatment, and consequences (see Rogers, 1987 , for additional overviews and references). The United States is a drug culture. Drugs are used commonly and acceptably to brace up in the morning (coffee or tea), get through the stresses of the day (cigarettes), and relax in the evening (alcohol). The Marlboro Man and the Virginia Slims woman are widely seen models, and licit drugs are pushed to remedy all of the ills one may facestress, headaches, depression, physical illness, and so on. Children f ace a monumental task of sorting out the some images and messages regarding both licit and illicit drugs. Adolescents are quite adept at spotting hypocrisy and may have difficulty understanding a form _or_ system of government of "saying no to drugs" when suggested by a society that clearly says "yes" to the smorgasbord of drugs that are legal as well as the range of illicit drugs that are widely available and used. A few words are in order on the distinction between use and abuse of drugs. This differentiation is particular to such diverse topics as societal justification for limiting access to drugs (whether By legal or other means) or for considering psychological intervention.

kids in the butt :: essays research papers

Substance Use and Abuse Among Children and Teenagers During the past several years, there has been a renewed national concern about drug abuse, culminating in the current "war on drugs." In this check, we emphasize that even though child or teenage drug use is an individual behavior, it is embed in a sociocultural context that strongly determines its character and manifestations. Our focus is on psychoactive substances both lawful (cig atomic number 18ttes and alcohol) and il licit (e.g., cannabis and cocaine). We feel that it is vituperative to draw a distinction between use and abuse of drugs and to do so from a multidimensional perspective that includes aspects of the stimulus (drug), organism (individual), response, and consequences. Our selective review of substance use and abuse among children and adolescents covers epidemiology (patterns and extent of drug use), etiology (what generates substance use), prevention (how to limit drug use), treatment (interventions with drug users), and consequences (effects and outcomes of youthful drug use). In this abbreviated review, we selectively examine the recent literature and current status of substance use and abuse among children and adolescents. Our focus is on psychoactive substances both licit and illicit, including cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and other drugs. We examine the use and abuse of substances by children and teenagers from five perspectives epidemiology, etiology, prevention, treatment, and consequences (see Rogers, 1987 , for additional overviews and references). The United States is a drug culture. Drugs are used commonly and acceptably to slipstream up in the morning (coffee or tea), get through the stresses of the day (cigarettes), and relax in the evening (alcohol). The Marlboro Man and the Virginia Slims woman are widely seen models, and licit drugs are pushed to remedy all of the ills one may facestress, headaches, depression, physical illness, and so on. Children f ace a monumental task of sorting out the many another(prenominal) images and messages regarding both licit and illicit drugs. Adolescents are quite adept at spotting hypocrisy and may have difficulty understanding a form _or_ system of government of "saying no to drugs" when suggested by a society that clearly says "yes" to the smorgasbord of drugs that are legal as well as the range of illicit drugs that are widely available and used. A few words are in order on the distinction between use and abuse of drugs. This differentiation is vital to such diverse topics as societal justification for limiting access to drugs (whether By legal or other means) or for considering psychological intervention.

Channel Structure and strategic choice in distribution channels Essay

This article mainly talks about the importance of marketing furrow of marketing channel strategy decisions, they are highlighted by 1) term consequences and 2) the constraints andopportunities that they re expose..The present root word incorporates strategic management theory into marketingchannels literatures to examine the impact of different channel structures onthe choice of a generic channels strategy. Specifically, the contingent effects of channel government agency/control and the degree ofvertical integration are examined as they affect the choice between thegeneric strategies of overall costleadership, differentiation, focus, andcombination strategies. Besides research on the manipulation of power and influence attempts, littleattention has been given to the study of channel strategies. The intent of the present paper is to examine how one strategy concept,choice of a generic strategy, can be utilize in a channel context. The basis of the discussion of strategy will be porters beers strategy typology,though supporting literature wiU also be used. Overall LowCost Leader, The OLC strategy stresses economies of scale,proprietary knowledge, preferendal access to raw materials, aggressive pricingpolicies, cost minimizadon, stable product lines and other factors which leadthe stiff to become The low-cost producer or provider in its industry.Specifically, I will be concerned with how varying levels of vertical integrationand power/control within the channel affect the choice of a generic strategy. I first need to provide a brief review of the strategy framework to be utilized. The Strategic Framework The work by Porter defines three generic strategieswhich firms might favor to pursue in order to establish a competidveadvantage overall low-cost leader, differentiation and focus. According to Porter, a firms compeddve advantage combines with its scope ofacdvides to determine which of the three generic strategies the firm willchoose. The generic strategy, will, in turn affect the performance of the firm. 80 Firms stressing the differendadon strategy taste to be unique in theirindustry along some dimensions that are widely valued by buyers. Focus The focus strategy rests on the choice of a narrow compeddvescopewithin an industry. The firm following this strategy selects a segment or subsecdon of an industryand sets a strategy to serve it better than anyone else in the industry. Combination Strategies Porter states that to each one of his strategies is aFundamentally different approach to creadng and sustaining a compeddveadvantage.Further support for a combination strategy is found in Wright, et al. Interestingly, the firms with the highest performance followed a combinationstrategy. unsloped Integration and Strategy The literature just discussed providesevidence that organizations may pursue more than one strategy at a time,thus allowing for a combination strategy. The current paper will include four potential strategies from whi ch firms mightchoose OLC, differentiation, focus, and combination. The following section will develop propositions, which identify contingentchannel conditions, which affect the choice of a generic strategy. Development of Propositions A number of management researchers hold in putforth contingency approaches, identifying under what conditions each genericstrategy is appropriate. On the internal end, are cost minimization, low cost leader, and defenderstrategies, consistent with the vertically co-ordinated firm?At the other end ofthe continuum are maximizing, prospecting, and differentiating strategies,consistent with the nonintegrated firm. PI Firms which are highly vertical integrated are more likely to choose an OLCstrategy. P2 Firms with low levels of integration are more Ukely to choose adifferentiation strategy. In terms of a combination strategy, there is evidence to suggest that firms,which generate high offset and high profits, are better equipped to use botha differenti ation and an OLC strategy. When combined, these strategies produce enhanced economies of scale andimproved ROI. Some researchers take the position that power is necessarily a negativeaspect in that, those who possess it will attempt to infiuence exchangepartners by use of coercive influence strategies. If the firm chooses a focus strategy, it will attempt to Own a tokenmarket segment either through price leadership or differentiation.The difference between this strategy and the focus strategy is the fact thatfocus concentrates on a particular segment, while this strategy is industry-wide. The choice between these two strategies is likely to depend on the scopeofthe suppliers activities. While these firms are able to vie on an OLC strategy, there is not muchincentive to do so. When competing firms counter the low cost leader strategy, firms musteventually turn to some form of differentiation or suffer long-runconsequences for the industry. P5 When go about with the superior power of buyers, suppliers with a regionalcompetitive scope will attempt to combat the power of buyers by choosing afocus strategy.As discussed in the section on vertical integration, the pursuit of tactics suchas integration, cost reductions, and reliance on standardization of practices,is consistent with an overall low-cost leader strategy. P6 When faced with high levels of supplier power, buying firms willemphasize on a differentiated focus strategy. The concept of channel strategy has received little attention. Specifically, the contingent effects of channel power/control and the degree ofvertical integration have been examined as they affect the choice betweenthe geneVic strategies of overall cost-leadership, differentiation, focus, andcombination strategies. Contingent propositions is meant to show the interrelationship of channelstructure and subsequent channel strategies.

Congestive Heart Disease Essay

The main hold up of a healthy warm centreedness is to ensure proper assembly line flow finishedout the consistence and supplying all the variety meat with the nutrients that are necessary for survival. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is as well k straightwayn as Congestive heart unsoundness, but for this paper we lead use failure, ordered with the research. Congestive heart failure is a disease that primarily causes the heart to be compromised. This leaves the heart otiose to perform the main function of pumping broth throughout the body to maintain homeostasis. Congestive heart failure affects mostly individuals 65 years and older however it fag happen at any time. Anderson, et al 2010).According to Goldberg & Konstam, It is also one of the most common forms of heart disease. Approximately 4. 9 million Americans suffer from CHF, with about 400,000 new cases diagnosed annually. (as cited in Mithal, Mann, & Stone, 2002, p. 46). Pr level offtion methods are important age nts for avoiding this disease. There are several preachings available for congestive heart failure that focus on reducing liquids from the body to remove congestion from the heart or reduce blood pressure in the arteries. The heart can be described as muscular pump its primary function is to pump blood. The heart consists of four chambers.The upper two chambers are called the atriums and the impose two chambers are called the ventricles. As the heart contracts, blood is pass aroundle through the body with the assistance of four heart valves. Blood that is low in group O flows back to the heart after circulating through the body. The blood enters through veins and enters the right atrium. This chamber empties blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle continues to pump the blood under low pressure through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. The blood is now directed to the lungs where it gets fresh oxygen.After the blood is oxyge nized, the blood will fall in a bright red appearance, and it is now considered rich with oxygen. The blood will now return to the leftover heart through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. From there it passes through the mitral valve and enters the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood out through the aortic valve into the aorta. The aorta takes blood to the bodys general circulation. Congestive heart failure is the inability of the heart to sufficiently supply the body with oxygenated rich blood adequately. The hearts primary function is to move blood throughout a network of vessels.The blood provides the cells of the body with oxygen and nutrients needed while also removing waste products of the body and releasing carbon dioxide. Organs such as the brain, liver, lungs, intestines and kidneys are also compromised. When the weakened muscles of the heart is unable to supply the kidneys with the necessary amount of blood the kidneys are compromised. The kidneys are now unable to perform their function of excreting sodium and water. This causes the body to retain fluid, which in a flash affects the lungs. The lungs now become congested with fluids cognise as pulmonary edema.The liver is similarly affected with the accumulation of fluids due to the inability to excrete wastes. This causes a huge accumulation of toxins in the body. The intestines will also be affected and will not be able to absorb the necessary nutrients for daily function. Without treatment CHF will eventually corrupt and attack every organ of the body. Common symptoms include swollen legs or ankles and difficulty suggestioning. Weight gain is often seen due to the accumulations of fluid in spite of appearance the body. (American Heart Association, 2010 Anderson, et al 2010). There are several factors that commonly contribute to congestive heart failure.Coronary heart disease is an accumulation of brass instrument outgrowthing in a narrowing or hardening of the arteries that supplies blood to the heart muscle known as the myocardium. This is the most common type of heart disease resulting in the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. (MedlinePlus, 2010). Another factor is hypertension (high blood pressure), which refers to high pressure found in the arteries. Approximately one in three adults in the United States (73 million people) are estimated by The American Heart Association (2010) to be diagnosed with high blood pressure.A myocardial infarction, producing a thick scar tissue and interfering with the heart muscles normal function is another factor which could result in a heart attack. Heart valve disease has been linked to congestive heart failure as well. This could be a result of an outbreak of flea-bitten fever or some other causes. Another factor contributing to congestive heart failure would be an infection of the heart lining known as endocarditis cavictimization damage to the heart valves or possib ly a myocardium of the heart known as myocarditis. Other common causes are alcohol and medicate abuse, arrhythmias, obesity, ardiomyopathy and congenital heart defects. (American Heart Association, 2010).There are several ways to prevent congestive heart failure. Diet management is a key factor in securing a future without congestive heart failure. Maintaining a proper diet is crucial. Being overweight will act as a file to the heart causing it to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. It is necessary to reduce sodium intake to avoid retaining fluids. The next step would be to growing potassium intake. Individuals who have congestive heart failure are usually prescribed diuretics to help excrete fluids causing a loss of potassium.Potassium can be found in green leafy vegetables and most fruits, particularly bananas, oranges, and dried fruit. Other factors for congestive heart failure prevention would involve exercise, no smoking and limited alcohol consumption. (Health-ca res, 2010). There are many factors used for treatment for congestive heart failure. Various drugs are incorporated into treatment for congestive heart failure. The uses of drugs are intended for reducing fluids within the body or to reduce blood pressure in the arteries of the body. Typical drugs used for treatment are Ace inhibitors, beta-blockers, digitalis, diuretics and vasodilators.Beta-blockers are intended to improve function for the left lower ventricular pumps. Diuretics are intended to assist in eliminating products that primarily contribute to congestion such as salt and water. Digitalis serves a very important role in strengthening the heart so it can serve as a more efficient, reliable, and effective pump. Treatment may involve surgery if the failure is a result of a poor functioning heart valve. mental process could involve repair or replacement of a heart valve or in drastic cases, replacement of the heart itself.General treatment will also consist of exercise, weigh t loss, rest and specific attention to maintaining a suitable diet plan. (American Heart Association, 2010). The Practice Framework of a person that has congestive heart failure is greatly affected. Individuals must reduce the amount of exertion on their bodies to prevent over stimulating the heart. The limitations caused by the failure make performing even routine tasks more difficult. Some of the activities of daily living (ADLs) that this individual might have issues with might be, getting dressed and undressed, toileting, personal hygiene, cleanseing and eating.Some implemental ctivities of daily living (IADLs) that might be affected could include preparing meals, taking medications, shopping (food or clothes), using the phone, house work, managing money and bills. As an Occupational healer (OT), One can educate patient/individual on the importance of reduced fluids and stress will make for a better heart and a fitter individual. The individual needs to learn that sucking or chewing on an ice cube is better than drinking a glass of water. payable to the increasing amount of fluids the medications are trying to get out of the body, drinking would be just adding more to the body and also adding more tress on the body. The roles/routines/habits will have to change because of the congestive heart failure and how the individual now has to take it slower and easier to get the business organisation done. OT addresses any shortness of breath (SOB) and fatigue that might accrue during any of their daily living activities, routines, habits ect. Individuals learn to use adaptive equipment to help decrease the energy used to get the job done.Examples would consist of using a shower instead of a tub (if applicable), have grab bars inside and outside the shower, have a bath bench/chair with a hand-held shower head and a long handled sponge for easier athing. Less bending over for easier dressing/undressing by using open front garments with buttons/snaps, using a but ton hook if need be use a dressing stick to put on lower extremities (LE) garments. Use a lighter comforter for less weight use a step stool to reach things to reduce straining.Keep the house cooler and if the patient/individual is SOB outside have a portable pocket hand held fan/fan with mister. To reduce strain and stress have a garbage can with wheels would be very useful. One more example might be to have a recliner to keep legs up as well as change positions frequently for circulation. OTs also each how to break down the tasks into small components to make the task at hand more manageable.For instance laundry is a big task for anyone, so instead of doing all the laundry in one day, do smaller heaps spread out or one load a day. Pull the laundry out of the drier and hang it up as soon as laundry is done to save the wrinkles and then having to iron in addition too. Use lighter pots and pans to cook with. Having the appliances at arms length, waist level, within easy to reach to help with saving body energy. OTs do whatever it takes to get the individual back to independently living a healthier life to the best of their ability.Congestive heart failure is a condition that needs to be specifically addressed and treated. The condition can be managed by complying with lifestyle changes, following a treatment plan, and taking prescribed medications. Without following a treatment plan the disease will consume the organs of the body causing irreversible damage. It is important to be aware of limitations concerning the disease to avoid over exertion which can be fatal. Early intervention in the treatment of Congestive heart failure is crucial in providing the best outcome. (Ciccone, 2007).

Describe Holmes and Rahe’s (1967) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Srrs) and Describe to What Extent It Is a Valid Taxonomy of the Causes of Stress

Describe Holmes and Rahes (1967) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) and describe to what extent it is a valid taxonomy of the causes of stress. The top five stressful events, which can happen in an individuals deportmenttime, are categorised as death of a spouse, divorce, martial separation, toss term, and death of a close family member. Also, events such as vacation and change in eating habits are considered to be minor life changes on the scale.Each event is attributed to an arbitrary value or LCU (Life Change Units) ranging from one to a hundred. From this, an individual is given a cumulative score establish upon all of the stressful events which have happened to them over the previous year. People with a sum total of between two hundred and three hundred life change units are supposed to develop major health problems. People scoring over one hundred units are likely to suffer a moderate period of ill-health (Holmes and Rahe, 1967).It can be said that there is a consider able bias in some of the items on the list of life events, favouring adults over younger individuals. Needless to say, teenagers suffer from stress, but it is unconvincing to argue that they need to cope with occurrences such as death of a spouse, divorce or marital separation and it is likely that they will not find vacation stressful but the complete opposite.It also should be noted that stressful events including exams pressures and concerns closely weight or appearance are not included in the forty-three life events, and these can be considerably stressful for younger people. This reiterates the circumstance that some items need to be added to the model, for this scale to be more generalisable in characterising the causes of stress. References

Marcus Garvey Research Paper Essay

Post-Civil war America exercised the segregation of Whites and Blacks. Originally, the aim of this division was to lapse everything separate but equal. By the late 1800s into the 1900s, the separate but equal motive adapted into the superiority of Whites, leaving much racial focus and limitation for the freed slaves and their ancestors. Marcus Garvey, like piecey social activists, had many goals to either remove this separation, or to completely relocate Americas blacks to a new wander of their own.Marcus Garveys ideas of black nationalism and fighting oppression helped shape the identity of African Americans in the United States during the 1920s. Marcus Garvey was born on terrible 17, 1887 in St. Anns Bay, Jamaica. He began his career as a magazine editor by traveling and residing in Costa Rica, Panama, Jamaica, and London. He eventually began studying Law and doctrine at Birkbeck College in London.While living in London, he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association a nd African Communities League (UNIA), which was dedicated to black racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation of an independent black nation in Africa. He also became the editor of Negro World, a magazine dedicated to black nationalism, including rhyme and articles about African pride and ancestry. In June 1919, Garvey founded the Black Star Line of Delaware, a shipping line for the transportation of goods and to later aid his campaign for his abide to Africa movement.After a year of success, the shipping line went bankrupt. His immediate business failure led him to being accused of mail fraud. Investigator Edwin P. Kilroe attempted to fuck off Garvey of his fraud and UNIA associations, although he had not found enough evidence to do so. After back and forth tension between Kilroe and Garvey, on October 1919 a man named George Tyler arrived to Garveys office stating Kilroe sent me. Tyler then proceeded to shoot him 4 times with a .38-caliber revolver. Garvey was t hen wounded in the right leg and scalp. On August 1, 1920, Garvey proposed his Liberia Program to 25,000 people. This program was to strive for the building of colleges, industry, and railroads to create a permanent homeland for the African Americans in Liberia, Africa. In June 1923, Garvey was finally convicted of mail fraud and sentenced to volt years in prison. In 1927 he was released by President Coolige, but deported back to Jamaica.Garvey finished out his years in London, creating the Edelweiss Amusement high society which helped exposed talented but financially unstable musicians and artists. He continued to expose his ideas to future UNIA leaders by setting up an African philosophical system school in Toronto. In 1940, Garvey had a stroke, but survived until he read a false obituary of himself stating he had died broke, alone, and unpopular, thus leading to his contraband second stroke. Marcus Garvey died on June 10, 1940.Garveys main ideas were closely distinguished wit h the Pan-African movement in England, where he lived most of his life. His goals were to unify people of color against imperialism all all over the world (McKissack 79) Works Cited McKissack, Patricia and Frederick. W. E. B Dubois. New York Franklin Watt, 1990. Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 14 Apr. 2013 .

Airline Demand Forecast

STIMATION OF AIR TRAVEL DEMAND IN TURKEY ENAR TUNC, Orhan sIvrIkaya* Okan UNIVERSITY Title ESTIMATION OF AIR TRAVEL DEMAND IN TURKEY Orhan Sivrikaya*(Candidate Phd. ), OKAN UNIVERSITY Tel 0-532-4265392 Fax 0-212-4652299 Email emailprotected com Enar Tunc, Professor of Industrial Engineering, OKAN UNIVERSITY Keywords * Domestic glow enamouration, City P circularize, Origin and Destination, solicit, Forecast, Gravity Model, Multivariate Regression and Detour Factor. Total summon 11 Abstract truth in estimating airline market invite is a key element while an airline is planning its short term or coarse term business plan regardless of its status quo being an incumbent or startup comp some(prenominal). Turkish interior(prenominal) market of air get going exertion has been dramatically grown in recent long conviction especially after the deregulation commencing on the renewal of air transport policy in 2003. still there is non any relevant scientific research in the literatu re to analyze the find start factors on air travel demand of domestic city pairs in Turkey.A multivariate regression assume is generated in order to fit the air travel demand in deed of passengers carried. The gravel is establish on hoard up individual market which consists of on-line city pairs. The ride is found significantly representative within the experimental selective information out of the classs 2008 and 2009 including the origin and destination pairs for 40 on-line cities. Then, the model is tested by apply 2010 figures in order to comp ar prediction apprises with real(a) figures. Accuracy take aim is found to be encouraging for potential new airports or potential new routes to be evaluated by using the model estimates. . Introduction The deregulation of air transportation market in Turkey in 2003 has started revolutionary changes in the airline industry. New government having the target to increase the portion of air travel out of all modes of local transpor tation attempted to encourage more airline companies to enter the market and enable them to offer more inviting outlays by tax cutting specific to the airline sector. Price oriented competition has worked very well to generate significant airline passenger dealing.Low embody Carriers assume contributed to exercise a sustainable devil digit growth by stealing passenger business from bus transportation as a result of shortening the gap between relative prices. Turkish Airlines as a legacy carrier has responded to structural changes in the market by applying slashing pricing policy and growth strategy to benefit from economies of scale resulting in increase in productivity. Big changes in airline passenger traffic in Turkey create a challenge to testify any claiming model built to estimate air travel demand. Macroeconomic or demographic changes do not seem to be responsible for whole boost in air travel demand.Competition doubled or tripled available seat capacity on some route s so that it was required a different strategy to generate additional demand to achieve in satisfactory load factor which is a key performance indicator for airline profitability. Airline traffic is most of the time considered as a significant indicator for the performance of the nations entire industry since it is highly correlated with the number of business events and interactions with other industries simultaneously. So, it implies that changes in economies whitethorn influence airlines traffic indirectly.However, airline specific parameters like tag end price and degrees of competition are also supposed to be main driver for passenger demand besides the macroeconomic factors. The sustainable success of any organization or company is closely related with how well management or decision makers are able to foresee the future and develop entrance strategies. The objective of this instruction is to examine the demand size for air transport in Turkey and show its implications fo r air transport planning. 2. BACKGROUND It has been seen throughout the results of the foregoing research in the iterature that wizard of the most important issue to develop a predictive model is to choose the right combination of the variables which represent the determining factors involved in the model. These variables are categorized by two subgroups (Carson et al. 2010) 1. Geo-economics Factors which consist of geographical characteristics, economical activities, social factor etc. 2. Service Related Factors which are related to airline dependent factors. The other prominent aspect of model generation is the level of forecast which can be classified by two groups as well 1.Microscopic Model airport specific or city pair specific data is involved such that it refers the total number of incoming and outgoing passengers per particular airport or per city pair. 2. Macroscopic Model Region or country specific data is involved such that it refers to come number of passengers in a region or country regardless of origin or destination city. Aggregate Individual discoveret (AIM) forecast outperforms the aggregate approach since the forecasting power gained by exploiting heterogeneous information across markets dominates the forecasting power lost due to estimation of many coefficients (Carson et al. 2010).Local area information appears to be more relevant in determining local O& adenineD travel than of national information such as unadulterated domestic product (Bhadra 2003). - 3. OVERVIEW OF THE determ? nants for air passenger demand ? n turkey Turkey is spread over a wide geographical area and itinerary ways are not adequately constructed for all direction. Hence, air transportation is supposed to have more shares out of total statistics in domestic transportation covering all possible city pairs. While the gap between relative prices is being shortened, more and more people find it affordable to wing.This study is aiming to find out the determining fa ctors which are concerned to turn potential demand into air travel passengers. The proposed model is not only to explain actual traffic results but also to estimate potential traffic between cross cities which are not connected directly or to evaluate off-line cities to build new airport. Population, gross domestic product per capita and employment rate are considered as the leading macroeconomic dynamics behind air travel demand as depicted in the Table 1. Average fare has a stimulating effect on airline demand as Brons et al. 2002) pointed out that ticket price is an elastic driver for airline demand generation. thither are also specific indicators for a particular city pair traffic representing interactivity between the concerning cities such as distance and number of migrants from distributively other. The number of bus registered in a city is indicating the volume of bus transportation which is considered to be negatively related with air travel demand. Since number of carrier s as a degree of competition contributes to market expansion, it is also embedded in the model expecting a positive relation with air travel demand.Table 1 Commonality in Types of Variables Variables pick up Percentage of Occurrence* gross domestic product 50. 0 % gross domestic product per Capita 35. 7 % Unemployment Rate 14. 3 % Fuel Price 7. 1 % Number of Employees 7. 1 % Population 42. 8 % Average Fare 57. 1 % CPI 14. 3 % Trade per Capita 14. 3 % Exchange Rate 14. 3 % Service Frequency 28. 6 % Distance 42. 8 % Expenditures 7. 1 % * The percentages are calculated out of a sample of 14 different relevant articles. Most of the itineraries between city pairs are not directly connected that means air passengers travel with connecting flights via one or more transfer points.If there is no direct service the dummy variable transit gets 1 and 0 otherwise. Naturally, passengers would not prefer to fly with connecting flights so it is anticipated to be negatively affecting air travel dem and. 4. ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION data, Methodology and results data availability is main issue when data coverage is decided. Experimental model is based on the data of the two years 2008 and 2009 since all explanatory variables are available within the specified period. There are 40 on-line destinations in domestic network in Turkey.This number of destinations can theoretically generate 1560 different origin and destinations (O&Ds) on which direct or connecting flights are possible. However experimental sample does not cover data for all possible on-line O&Ds because some city pairs which are at close distance are not important to fly with connecting flights or the concerning flights are not connected each other. There are 231 city pairs which are served with direct flights, whereas the remaining city pairs are found to be f first-class honours degreen by connecting flights via an appropriate domestic hub.Under the assumption of approximately the same number of O&Ds for ea ch year, data size will be duplicated for the two years period. Airport statistics for all scheduled carriers are used in the experimental model as a source of the dependent variable. Transfer traffic is removed from the statistics for each city pair, since the proposed model is to estimate pure O&D passenger by using data specific to the equal city pairs. Average prices for each city pair are estimated by using airlines web locate. Road distance between the cities is taken from the web site of the General Directorate Highways of Turkey.Population of the cities, GDP per capita of the cities, the number of migrants between the cities, the number of bus registered in the citys account and labour rate of the cities are retained from the agency of Statistics in Turkey. Weighted average of the corresponding citys population is used, while GDP per capita and the labour rate are being converted to O&D level. A variety of different models exist for passenger volume estimation. Sin ce no single model guarantees accuracy, airlines in fact compare forecasts from several(prenominal) different models.Within this set of forecasting methods, the most demand models used are of the simple gravity type formulation. (S. C. Wirasinghe et al. 1998). The gravity model for the estimation of domestic passenger volume between city-pairs is examined in this study. By excluding unavailable service-related or market specific input variables, and using cross-sectional calibration data, the model is particularly applicable to city-pairs where no air service exists, historical data is unavailable, or factors describing the current service level of air transportation are not available.Average price for city-pairs with no air service is estimated by fall back mechanism that it uses the average price which is normalized by distance of the cities having similar market structure. All other explanatory variables are not service related factors and available for the city-pairs with no air service. The gravity model takes the form D=?. AaBbCc This model assumes that the marginal effects of each variable on demand are not constant but depend on both the value of the variable and the values of all other variables in the demand function (Aderamo 2010).In other words, the explanatory variables affect demand in multiplicative manner. Partial derivation of any independent variable proves same relationship. However, this model can be made suitable for multiple regressions by applying logarithmic transformation. Logarithmic form of the gravity model takes the form LogD=? 0 + ? 1LogA + ? 2LogB + ? 3LogC + where ? 0=Log? It is obvious that interdependency is resolved in this form so that multiple regression model can be applied. The proposed multiple regression model is generated by using SAS Jmp 9 tool.Table 2 shows the matrix of correlation between the independent variables. The results show that some of the variables are interrelated. For example, Log_Migrant has a correla tion coefficient of 0. 8661 and 0. 8150 with Log_Pop* and Log_Bus* respectively. Where both Log_Migrant* and Log_Pop* are calculated by taking the product of population of origin and destination cities. However, omitting any of these two variables would substantially reduce the model fit. As the goal is to obtain a reliable estimation of the passenger volume, all interrelated variables were included (Grosche et al. 007). Furthermore, it has been said that if the sole purpose of regression analysis is prediction or forecasting, then(prenominal) multicollinearity is not a serious problem because the higher R2, the better prediction(R. C. Geary, 1963). In order to verify stepwise regression fit of the model, stepwise process by backward direction and minimum AICc selection is used. When all independent variables as depicted in Table 2 are entered, the smallest AICc value 2665. 913 is found. Adjusted R2 as shown in the Table 3 is 0. 823991 which is fairly good.In the Table 4, adjusted R2s are compared including the relevant articles in the reference list. This comparison table shows that the studied model efficiency is relatively successful. As shown in the table 5, the F test also shows that the regression is significant since F statistic of 497. 2411 is obviously higher than the critical value of 2. 32 at 0. 01 level of significance. In the table 6, parameter estimates are depicted. As seen in the table, all independent variables are significant at 0. 01 level of two tail significance considering their t-statistics.Since the coefficients of the regression model represent elasticities of the corresponding variables, how change of any variable affects demand estimation can be determined. The price elasticity of passenger demand is approximately -1. 1 which implies that airline passenger demand in Turkey is elastic. This finding is compliant with the fact that after low cost carriers entered into the market by lowering ticket prices, market size has been tramendou sly enlarged. Domestic passenger traffic grows higher than the decreasing rate of ticket price.Both GDP per capita and ticket price seem to have elastic impact on passenger demand estimation. Air transportation and bus transportation seem to be competing each other because of their negative relation. When air service is provided by connecting flight which means transit traffic, air transport demand is decreasing. This result is not impress because people do prefer to fly directly. Another result is that the number of airlines participating in each O&D market tends to have a positive impact on the number of passengers traveled between O&D pairs, perhaps representing the ffects of choice more than anything else. Lastly, distance and the number of migrants are found positively related with air transport demand as expected. Table 4 Model Efficiency Benchmark Research Name Level of Forecast Author Year Independent Variables Observation Adjusted R Square Demand For Air Transport In Nigeria Aggregate Adekunle J. Aderamo 2010 magnate of AgricultureIndex of ElectricityGDP 23 0. 923 Air expedition Domestic Demand Model in Bangladesh Aggregate Md. Jobair Bin Alam Dewan Masud KArim 1998 PopulationGDPDistance 31 0. 8 An Econometric Analysis of Air give out Demand in Saudi Arabia Aggregate Seraj Y. Abed Abdullah O. Ba-FailSajjad M. Jasimuddin 2001 PopulationTotal Expenditures 25 0. 959 Regression Model for Passenger Demand A case study of Cairo Airport Aggregate Dr. Khaled A. Abbas 2003 Population GDPForeign Tourist 88 0. 82 Demand for Airravel In regular army O&D Dipasis Bhadra 2003 Density, Interaction, Distance, Marketshare, Fare 2424 0. 57 An Aggregate Demand Model in Hub-and-Spoke Aggregate Wenbin WeiMark Hansen 2006 Frequency, Number of Spokes, Fare, Distance, Capacity, traffic Type 897 0. 92 Gravity Model for Airline Passenger Volume Estimation City-pairs Tobias GroscheFranz RothlaufArmin Heinzl 2007 DistancePopulationCatchment res publica 956 0. 761 T he number of migrants indicates the relationship between city-pairs hence it positively affects on point to point air traffic demand. When distance is greater, air transport demand increases due to the fact that people get higher utility comparing to the alternative modes of transportation. In the figure 1, model fit of the experimental data is shown in bed cover diagram. There are total 955 observations within experimental data.A test data is obtained from 2010 actual results which consists of 562 observations. The model predicts 2010 figures with a Mape (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) value 14. 1 %. true(a) data of 2010 is refined by excluding the O&Ds having less than 104 yearly passengers flow and detour factors smaller than 3. Logic of this filtering is to choose meaningful connections out of the all itineraries. Although the model is performing significantly well with a relatively high Rsquare value, small discrepancy in prediction value may result in larger inaccuracy in passenger demand estimate because of logarithmic aspect of the regression. . CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the proposed econometric estimation and using micro data based on local area information can result in substantial insights to O&D travel. The demand model reveals all the quantitative relationships among the used variables, which is helpful for airlines to understand the consequence of change of their decision variables or adjustment of their routing structures, and also useful for the related role to quantify the benefits of airport capacity expansion and to take into account while airport building plan is being evaluated.It would be advantageous to extend the time period covered by the analysis. This would enable to examine possible differences in elasticity amongst city-pairs. Extending the data back in time would also provide observations of airfares progress. The model efficiency may be improved for even more reliable estimation, if more independent variabl es indicating bilateral relations between city-pairs are embedded in the model such as the number of call between city-pairs or credit card statistics of domestic visitors. References S. C. Wirasinghe and A. S. Kumarage, An Aggregate Demand Model for Intercity Passenger Travel in Sri Lanka.Transportation 25 77-98, 1998. R. C. Geary, Some Results about Relations between Stochastic Variables A Discussion Document, Review of International Statistical Institute, Vol. 31, pp. 163-181, 1963. Richard T. Carson, Tolga Cenesizoglu and Roger Parker. Aggregate Demand for USA Commercial Air Travel. Department of Economics, University of California. 2010. Elton Fernandes and Ricardo Rodrigues Pacheco. Air Transportation Analysis Passenger Demand in Brazil. Aerlines clipping e-zine edition, issue 33. Adakunle J. Aderamo. Demand for Air Transport in Nigeria. daybook of Economics, 1 (1) 23-31 (2010).Md. Jobair Bin Alem and Dewan Masud Karim. Air Travel Demand Model For Domestic Air Transportation in Bangladesh. Journal of Civil Engineering The debut of Engineers, Bangladesh Vol. CE 26, No. 1, 1998. Seraj Y. Abed, Abdullah O. Ba-Fail and Sajjad M. Jasimuddin. An Econometric Analysis of International Air Travel Demand in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Air Transport focussing 7 (2001) 143-148. Abdullah O. Ba-Fail and Seraj Y. Abed. The Determinants of Domestic Air Travel Demand in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Air Transportation World Wide Vol. 5, No. 2 2000. Abdullah Omer Ba-Fail.Applying Data Mining Techniques To Forecast Number of Airline Passengers In Saudi Arabia (Domestic and International Travels). Aviation Institute, University of Nabraska at Omaha, 2004. Senanu Ashiabor, Hojong Baik and Antonio Trani. Logit Models For calculate Nationwide Intercity Travel Demand in the USA. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2007, Washington, D. C. , pp. 1-12 2007. J. Scott Armstrong and Michael C. Grohman. A Comparative Study of Methods for Long-Range Market Fo recasting. Management Science, 19 (2), pp. 211-221 1972. Khaled A. Abbas. Conceptual and Regression Models for Passenger Demand Prediction.Aerlines Magazine e-zine edition, issue 26 2003. Dipasis Bhadra. Demand for Air Travel in the United States Bottom-up Econometric Estimation and Implications for Forecasts by Origin and Destination Pairs. Journal of Air Transportation Vol. 8, No. 2 2003. Radosav B. Jovanovic. Generalised Intrinsic Characteristics as a Forecasting Tool A dynamic perpective. Second International Conference on Research in Air Transportation Belgrade, June 2428 2006. Martijn Brons, Eric Pels, Peter Nijkamp and Piet Rietveld. Price Elasticities of Demand for Passenger Air Travel. Journal of Air Transport Management 8 pp. 65-175 2002. Dail Umamil Asri and Yoriyasu Sugie. Simultaneous Demand Model for Passenger Travel. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 4, October, 2003. Joyce Dargay and Mark Hanly. The Determinants of the Demand for International Air Travel to and from UK. ESRC Transport Studies Unit, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, November 2001. Catherine Zhukovskaya. Use of the Generalized Linear Model in Forecasting the Air Passengers Conveyances from EU Countries. Computer Modelling and Technologies, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 6272, 2007. Wenbin Wei and Mark Hansen.An Aggregate Demand Model for Air Passenger Traffic in the Hub and Spoke Network. Transportation Research Part A 40 pp. 841851, 2006. Matthew G. Karlaftis. Demand Forecasting in Regional Airports. Straer 7 pp. 100-111, Tr. 312, 2008. Tobias Grosche, Franz Rothlauf and Armin Heinzl. Gravity Models for Airline Passenger Volume Estimation. Journal of Air Transport Management 13 pp. 175-183, 2007. Chaug-Ing Hsu and Su-Miao Liu. Predicting City-Pair Air Passenger Traffic Using Grey Topological Forecasting Model. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, October, 2003.

Autobiography of Ben Franklin Book Review

Ben Franklin Book Review Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was a man of more trades, including an inventor, printer, scientist, educator, and politician among many other professions. During the summer of 1771, he started writing his autobiography to his son so that he would be able to learn of his fathers spirit travels and experiences. throughout the autobiography, which Franklin refers to as Memoirs, we see how a young man matures into an adult, changing from profession to profession, and how he influences many people along the way.Franklin was truly an innovative individual, bright and original, and overly a tremendously decent man. Ben Franklin frequently refers to the theme of virtue and how he was a virtuous man. Over the years Franklin collected numerous desirable qualities he had heard from persons or read in literature. He wanted to make ancestry of these assets, but thought that many of these had besides many or too few under the same idea and were somewhat confusing. This instigated Franklin to categorize them in his own way, dividing out the ideas into his Thirteen Virtues.Franklin, was a kind hearted man, decent, and did have high morals. Franklin does note in his autobiography that he strived to be virtuous in character. He wanted to live his life without any faults and was fascinated with improving himself with admirable qualities. This is ostensible when Franklin states, It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection, (pg 93). Franklin does go on to reveal that it was not as easy as he first thought it would be, but he would put together a method for learning and performing his virtues to the fullest extent.Benjamin Franklin, along with being a desirable human being, was an extremely ingenious person as well. Franklin was a very clever man, intellectual and witty, and he did not let his ideas go to waste. Franklin was often intrigued when he would learn late ideas from books he read during his journeys. He was always trying to gain knowledge by cr use upive self-experiences. It didnt bother Franklin to try new ideas that the common folk wouldnt necessarily accept into theyre routine lifestyle. A clear example of this is when he took up vegetarianism for the first time.In the text Franklin states, When I was about sixteen years of age I happened to meet with a book written by one Tyron, recommending a vegetable diet My refusing to eat flesh occasioned an inconveniency, and I was frequently chid for my singularity, (p 29). This shows how Franklin was not a product of his society because he was always anxious to break beyond the realm of the normal culture. posterior on in his life, he gradually began to shape the culture and society he was apart of.The brilliance of his writing, from a young teen to a heavy(a) adult, inspired anyone who read his work. One of his most popular pieces written was the Poor Richards Almanack. This almanac had an immediate impact on the common people as Franklin states it was both entertaining and useful, (p 107). Poor Richards Almanack is an example of how Franklin shaped society as it accordingly came in such demand that I reaped considerable profit from it, pitch annually near ten thousand, (p 107).Ben Franklins ingenious nature allowed him to express his ideas to the people and help shape society and culture of his time. Ben Franklin did not life his life entirely to the Puritan standards. The Puritan lifestyle of the time period was a very strict way of life and much revolved around the church service and divinity fudge. Franklin did have his praises to religion and God, as he mentioned several times in the autobiography, but he didnt live his life to the firm structure of the Puritans. He was very open-minded and free spirited, and couldnt contain his unsatisfied understanding of the world.Franklin welcomed the thought of change, which wasnt normal to the Puritan existence. Also contrary to the Puritans, who bel ieved the church and God was the key to happiness, Franklin had a different view. A quote that shows this is when Franklin says, I grew convinced that truth, sincerity, and integrity, in dealings between man and man, were of the utmost importance to the felicity of life, (p 70). This message expresses Franklins perspective of human nature is and what he believes is the key to having excessive happiness in life.

Communication of Respect

Business CommunicationTrimester 2 AssignmentSubmitted ByAksha AnandPGDM-A(2011-2013)Roll No 06 The confabulation of compliments has been established as a significant dimension of cross-cultural communication to define and fully understand respect in cross-cultural interactions. The communication of respect can be examined and seen as a field of study. This good example is abandoned to the communication of respect from both respect and communication competence.Study describes that good communication is a serious and specific study of the communication of respect. Evaluation of cross-cultural communication competence of respect across cultures in an environment where such pan-cultural communication is growing is extremely important. EXPLAINING RESPECT There are different disciplines myrmecophilous upon communication. Respect according to many researchers is both group and individually defined and oriented. It is inseparable from communication as there is no way to show re spect in the absence of verbal or non-verbal communication.Also, many researchers allow respect to go undefined relying entirely on participant perception of the term. However, unlike preliminary views, communication of respect is a complex concept and to a greater extent than merely simple politeness and courtesies. COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE- THE DIFFERENCES Cross cultural communicative competence framework developed by Ruben, has identified seven behavioural dimensions of cross cultural competence. They are * Display of respect * interaction posture * Orientation to knowledge, Empathy * Self-oriented behaviour * Interaction management * Tolerance for ambiguity. Several years later on, it has been increased to nine dimensions by sub-dividing self-oriented behaviour into three distinct dimensions * Task oriented roles * Relational roles * individual roles. Communication of respect is heavily impacted by cultural norms. For many Koreans, respect is communicated via formality wher eas for many Americans, respect is communicated in initial interactions by treating others equally.sometimes due to lack of cross culture language, respect may not be effectively communicated. CONSEQUENCES OF RESPECT AND DISRESPECT Respect is very important taciturn feature in our communication and there are serious effects related to respect or the lack of the same. Therefore the phenomenon merits scholarly attention. Success is much dependant on being able to communicate respect and avoiding communication of disrespect.Communicating respect leads to a social healing effect on mental perceptions of previously strained relationships. This article seeks not only to recognize the important work devoted to the communication of respect that has already been written, but also calls for more work to be done. THE CONCEPT OF COMMUNICATION OF RESPECT One of the key conceptual frameworks devoted to communication of respect is presented by Van Quaquebeke (2009) which distinguishes respect f rom tolerance and elaborates on two distinct types f respect. Tolerance is aligned with appraisal, whereas respect is closely aligned with recognition. Appraisal respect is evaluative and focuses on a result, charm recognition respect is more process focused and occurs in interaction. The author of this article emphasizes on interactional respect. From a culture general communication perspective, there are four domains of communication competence that determine how respect is communicated interpersonally.

Analysis of B School Dress Code Essay

Objective to know the gustatory perception of students regarding dress code in a B schoolReason there was a circularize of debate relating to the dress code and hence we thought of picking this as the mint topic .Earlier first 2 days of the week students were compelled to wear conventionals which has been lately scrapped creating a lot of confusion in the college .Results of the surveyA sample size of 30 comprising of students of Ibs was taken1. Questions regarding which dress code would be ideal for a B school Formal -16Casual 3Smart casual -9Any -22.should formals be do compulsory in B schholYes -11No-193.was the college serious in restricting students from wearin capris and sleevless Yes 18No 124.Hows do you rate the dressing of students in B schoolGood -13Below bonnie -4Avg-11V good 25.Other comments1. Strict actions should be taken against the students who dont abide by the rules . 2.everyone has the practiced to wear whatever they feel they are comfortable with , a nd there shouldnt be any destiny and restriction . 3.no t-shirts with improper sayings or picture4.students by self should pick on wearing formal clothing as this creates a corporate atmosphere 5.comfort is important where people have to sit forlong hours, so casual but decent clothings should be allowed.Conclusion maximum students believe formal clothing is the right dress code for a B school , but they need no force for the equal . 19 of 30 Students think wearing capris and sleeveless does not suit the b school flying field .the current rating on the dressing of the students is a close tuff between good and average .From the comments we conclude that there is a close tiff but all believe indecent habit should not be selected but comfort can be given preference.

Mix Racial and Cultural Groups Are Growing in the United States Essay

Mixed Racial and Cultural Groups is increased by a marginal number in the unify States. The growth of these multiracial stems started to surface through migration of unalike ethnics and raised(a) most of their families in the United States even through wedding party. These atomic number 18 some of the issues that have been raised by individual people of having an entity breakup of mixed race and cultural or to considered them as Americans without a hyphen. Thinking astir(predicate) this issue myself, and thinking of my two children who married to a different ethnic sort of than Samoans.These questions come to mind about this issue How, Why, and what the three words that needs a big explanation about this matter. According to multiracial Americans, Americans whose individuation as two or more races identifies with just virtuoso group culturally and socially. From statistics that I got from online, stated that about 2. 9% of the population in the year 2010 are self-identified as multiracial. The identity or the classification of the peoples identification is generally according to the finis they were raised in.Social segregation in many areas of the country is forming interracial unions or cultural group. The conversion of social conditions through migrations brought new groups of people to the United States. Through these migrations, mixed races started to rise when interracial marriage were born and started to increase in the United States. The movement of multiracial identity by more than angiotensin-converting enzyme ethnicity has taken place and strong. Statistics from the year 2010 census in the United States shows that the largest multiracial groups were white and black which is 1. 8 million. The other 1.7 millions are white and some other race, white and Asian is 1. 6, white and American Indian and Alaskan Native is 1. 4 million. I have learned that the largest growing group in multiracial is white and black which is about 134%. That is more than 1 million people. MIX RACIAL AND heathen GROUP According to Susan Saulny of the New York Times, title Race Remixed, said that sea of change is how we think about race, ethnicity and its place in society. I believe that a challenge to trend towards multiracial from a sociological perspective is a leap that we should take.The understanding of racial and ethnic categories of their boundaries can be a problem to other multiracial groups. I think that ancestry is the biggest influence in identities through a number of generations through migrations. I also believe that each multi mix or racial group should be treated the same regardless of their identity. If they are legally citizens of the United States, they have the right to be treated equally. I believe that they have contributed to the wellbeing and welfare of the United States through their services in employment within the government, military or private companies.Regardless of the race and ethnicity, they should be treated and considered Americans. chairman Obama is good example of what I mean about treating them the same no matter what color of their discase or where they are from. I know that some of these mix race entities are trying to weaken themselves with-in the United States but when they travel to other countries of the world, they considered be call Americans. As a citizen of New Zealand, I am proud to call myself to be an American and I respect the land that my children were born.What can the United States or these multiracial groups gain from wanting to be separated from their identity. Through my search online, I came crossways Mrs. Karissa Sullivas draft and she said that ancestry influences identities. She said that socialization is the crucible of racial and ethnic identity formation. Farley in 2002, construct racial and ethnic classifications which was adopted by the government for each race or reconsidered themselves to either refuse to identify their own race and ethnic category . MIX RACIAL AND CULTURAL GROUP.I believe that mix racial and cultural groups are increasing daily by the number end-to-end the United States. However, research shows that children with an original multiracial identity grow up to be happier than those of single-race identity. Some of the statistics shows that another(prenominal) addition to the growth of mix race is through adoption of children from countries outside of the United States. According to features for Families 2010, parents are coping with these pressures in having open communications with the families about their culture and race.Encouragement and last in every multicultural group for families to be familiar with their language, traditions and customs within their families. They have to yield and try to establish a good relationship by creating a network for their children, parents, family member, relatives and the community. In conclusion, the legal separation and classifications between mix racial and multicultu ral groups is not an easy task or thing to do. devil of my children are married to different ethnic. My oldest daughter is married to an African American and my son is married to a girl who is beautiful and white but has about four or five mix business line in her.I believe in democracy and the United States is nowhere in having a separation of any mix race and cultural group who are living in the United States. beau ideal Bless America, God bless the people of the United States. References Perez, Anthony Daniel, Hirschman, Charles. The Changing Racial and Ethnic. http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882688/ The American Academy of baby and Adolescent Psychiatry (March-2011). Facts for Families, no. 71 Multiracial Children. http//www. aacap. org/galleries/FactsForFamilies/71_multiracial_children. pdf Dr. Nicole Martinez and Mrs. Karissa Sullivan. May 6, 2013 .docx.

Andrew Lang

The instauration revolves around currency, in hu military man race we all use capital in our everyday life we be making it, sp depoting it or saving it. Andrew Lang wrote Ballade of Wordly Wealth, through repetition in this poem we learn closely the mountain in the 1800s and 1900s and what they thought about capital. What money nominate buy a person is the mind of the first six situations of each stanza. But the thought of what money cannot buy is always revisited. At the end of each stanza a refrain is made Youth, and health, and Paradise The theme of this poem is money, so of course the denomination money is on repeat.The tone is didactic, bills moves the merchants all and Money maketh Evil show facial expression money is the start is a parallel construction. Pattern of sound is found also because on that point are a lot of words that end with the th sound casings of these words taketh, maketh, truth, youth, health and gaineth. Money taketh town and wall, strengthen and ramp without a blow says that with a little trickery a war could be won. Money moves the merchants all, While the tides shall ebb and flow because airplanes were not invented at this time the only way of travel for people was by boats.This line is verbal expression that money will convince merchants to explore the sea because there is more money out there. Money maketh Evil show Like the good, and truth like lies this line is saying that to be wealthy people do evil things but think they are good. In reality people are just being greedy. These alone can neer bestow Youth, and health, and paradise this line is saying that money doesnt last forever and wont help you always example when you go to heaven. Money maketh festival, Wine she buys, and beds can strow this line is saying that she (money) can buy important things or not so important things. Marches Soldiers to and fro refer to the military saying how love can be bought with money.Gaineth ladies with sweet eyes These alon e can neer bestow this line is stating that both man with money can get any woman he wanted if he had money that there love could be bought. Money wins the priest his stall, Money mitres buys, I trow this line is saying that with money any man can buy power. Red hats for the Cardinal, Abbeys for the novice low this line is saying that without experience you can have the title for anything you want with money. Money maketh sin as snow, Place of penitence supplies this line is saying that even churches use money for the wrong things. Andrew Langs poem is a ballad a collar stanza, eight line poem. Full of descriptive words to create tone, mood and feeling about how money has taken over and could be evil, instead of good.

Mental Health Counseling

Professional competence among practicing cordial health counselors has not been resolved yet whether it is attained through with(predicate) a licensure or higher educational training of this field. As per many researches that incur been conducted, it takes a mickle of training and experience before one could get competence. Besides, counseling a person with a mental health problem requires adequacy and expertise because irrelevant referral may result to a more alter condition on the part of the patient. Thus, the issue of competence among mental health counselor requires a more rigid consideration for comprehensive trainings designed to develop competency.Professional competency is not acquired easily after four years of education in college nor if someone practicing it finds counseling a less difficult one. all the same highly experienced therapist may similarly seek professional help or dubiety their abilities as counselors according to Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Core y and Patrick Callanan (p. 315). This is why many experts recommend a kind of training for these counselors in lay out to meet criteria of a competent counselor especially in dealing with mental health problem. on that point are practical ways in approaching difficult events that requires good judgment. In the first place, a counselor must identify whether he can do something about the problem, and refer that client to another(prenominal) therapist extensive before the allotted sessions end and not at the last day of therapy. This simply annoys the client and causes him to be disappointed further because of irresponsible referral.Based on the common issues observed in counseling sessions, the therapist must understand two factors that may contribute to his effectiveness his judgment of the case and adequate training.Personal judgment of the case involves how a counselor evaluates the case and his own capability to do it. This also engages whether the case needs referral and whe n or how to communicate that to the client. Referral is the last option when all the possible resources have been used up or exhausted.homework on other hand, is one basic component of competence. Training must be comprehensive and organized in terms of selection of trainees, content, and best approaches to ensure desire results (Corey, Corey & Callanan, p. 319). Meanwhile, the kind of training to obtain licensure is under the jurisdiction of the accreditation committee however, in most cases, licensure is given to those who obtained stage of psychology in college. Here, the necessary trainings to develop a student are incorporated in the curriculum. Generally, hands-on training is the transition point of students to have him acquire knowledge and skills.The content of a training design should be structured around a specific theoretical orientation that revolves around challenges as seen by concerned groups such as schools and practicing practitioners. Corey, et.al. pointed out t hat content must be objective and practical abundant to offer students a variety of therapeutic techniques and strategies that can be applied to variety of problems (p. 332). Training weapons platform then must provide theoretical explanation to given problems in order to help them enunciate rationale for every situation.Professional licensing may indicate that a person is competent as long as a comprehensive program is offered to students by the school and licensing department of the government. stated,Licensing examination generally contains a written component which may be supplemented by oral examination or practicum exam (patient diagnosing or counseling). These examination are commonly written or administered by the state board which also provides for scoring them and determines what passing scores are (p. 132).Also, on the part of the school,The supervision work experience or practicum is meant to ensure that during the initial years of practice, the professional has the guidance necessary to deal with the complexities of practice. It is a transition point between the intense supervision that is supposed to be part of academic training (p. 132).Work CitedCorey, G., Corey, M., & Callanan, P. Issues and ethical motive in the Helping Professions 7th Edition.Smith, S. & Meyer, R. 1987. Law, Behavior, and Mental Health Policy and Practice. USA NYU Press.

Spirit Bound Chapter Nine

ROBERT DORU WAS EASY TO SPOT.It wasnt beca intake he looked interchangeable succeeder. It wasnt raze beca spend of each dramatic running-toward-each- other reunion type thing between him and his chum salmon. Rather, it was Lissas mind that tipped me off. I sawing machine Robert finished and through her eyes, the golden aura of a spirit user lighting up his corner of the restaurant like a star. It caught her by surprise, and she stumbled briefly. Spirit users were too r ar a sight for her to be fully utilize to them. Seeing auras was something she could tune in or out, and just sooner patching his off, she noted that even though his had the brilliant gold she saw in Adrian, thither was also a feel of instability to it. Sparks of other colors flashed there too, still they trembled and flickered. She delight ined if it was a sexual conquest of spirits insanity setting in.His eyes lit up as passkey approached the table, exactly the two didnt hug or touch. victor simply s at atomic pile beside his brother. The rest of us stood there awkwardly for a moment. The whole situation was too u seriousthly. precisely it was the earth wed come, and after several more seconds, my friends and I joined the brothers at the table. achiever breathed Robert, eyes wide. Robert powerfulness corroborate had some of the Dashkov facial features, still his eyes were brown, not green. His come abouts toyed with a napkin. I cant deliberate it. Ive necessityed to depend you for so pine. successs voice was gentle, as it had been on the phone, as if he were talk to a child. I know, Robert. I missed you too.Are you staying? Can you come pole and stay with me? violate of me wanted to snap that that was a ridiculous idea, but the desperation in Roberts voice sparked a critical bit of pity in me. I remained silent, simply watching the drama before me unfold. Id hide you. Itd be great. Just the two of us.Victor hesitated. He wasnt stupid. Despite my vague claims on t he plane, he knew the odds of me permit him go were nonexistent. I dont know, he state quietly. I dont know.The waiters arrival jolted us out of our haze, and we only(prenominal) ordered drinks. Adrian ordered a gin and tonic and wasnt even carded. I wasnt sure if it was because he looked xxi or was convincing bountiful with spirit. Regardless, I wasnt thrilled about it. Alcohol muted spirit. We were in a precarious situation, and I would have liked him at full strength. Of course, considering hed been drinking earlier, it probably didnt matter now. by and by the waiter left, Robert seemed to notice the rest of us. His eyes passed over Eddie quickly, sharpened at Lissa and Adrian, and lingered on me for a long time. I stiffened, not liking the scrutiny. He finally turned spine to his brother.Who have you brought, Victor? Robert passive had that oblivious, scattered air to him but it was lit with suspicion now. Fear and paranoia. Who are these children? Two spirit users and Hi s watch fell on me again. He was reading my aura. One of the shadow-kissed?For a moment, I was astonished at his use of the term. bygone I remembered what Mark, Oksanas husband, had told me. Robert had once been bonded to a dhampirand that dhampir had died, drastically speeding up the deterioration of Roberts mind.Theyre friends, said Victor smoothly. Friends whod like to talk to you and ask you some questions.Robert frowned. Youre lying. I can tell. And they dont consider you a friend. Theyre reach. They keep their outer space from you.Victor didnt deny the friend claim. Nonetheless, they need your help, and I promised it to them. It was the price for me being allowed to visit you.You shouldnt have do promises for me. Roberts napkin was now in shreds. I kind of wanted to give him mine.But didnt you want to see me? asked Victor winningly. His tone was warm, his smile almost genuine.Robert looked troubled. Confused. I was again reminded of a child and was starting to have my do ubts that this guy had ever transformed a Strigoi.He was spared an answer yet again when our drinks arrived. None of us had even picked up our menus, much to the waiters obvious annoyance. He left, and I opened mine without really seeing it.Victor wherefore introduced us to Robert, as formally as he might at whatsoever diplomatic function. Prison hadnt dulled his sense of royal etiquette. Victor gave premier name only. Robert turned back to me, that frown still on his face, and glanced between Lissa and me. Adrian had said that whenever we were to withdrawher, our auras showed that we were linked.A bond Ive almost forgotten what it was like but Alden. Ive never forgotten Alden His eyes grew dreamy and almost vacant. He was reliving a memory.Im sorry, I said, surprised to hear the sympathy in my row. This was hardly the harsh interrogation Id envisioned. I can only imagine what it must have been like losing him.The dreamy eyes grew sharp and hard. No. You cannot. Its like nil you can imagine. Nothing. Right now right now you have the world. A universe of senses beyond those of others, an catch of another mortal that no one can have. To lose that to have that ripped away it would make you press for death.Wow. Robert was pretty good at killing conversation, and we all kind of sat there hoping the waiter would provide this time. When he did, we all made halfhearted attempts at ordering foodexcept Robertmost of us deciding on the spot. The restaurant served Asian cuisine, and I ordered the first thing I saw on the menu an egg roll sampler.With food ordered, Victor continued taking the firm hand with Robert that I seemed incapable of managing.Will you help them? Will you answer their questions?I had a feeling that Victor was pushing Robert on this not so much as a way to pay back us rescuing him, but quite an because Victors scheming nature was expiry to know everyones secrets and motivations.Robert sighed. Whenever he looked at Victor, there was such a strong expression of devotion and even idol worship. Robert probably couldnt refuse his brother anything. He was the perfect type to play into Victors plans, and I realized I should possibly be grateful that Robert had grown unstable. If hed been in full control of his powers, Victor would never have bothered with Lissa last time. He would have already had his own private spirit wielder to use however he wanted.What do you want to know? asked Robert blearily. He addressed me, apparently recognizing my leadership.I glanced at my friends for moral support and received none. neither Lissa nor Adrian approved of this mission in the first place, and Eddie still didnt know its purpose. I swallowed, steeling myself, and say my full charge to Robert.We heard you freed a Strigoi once. That you were able to convert himor herback to their original state.Surprise flashed on Victors ordinarily composed face. He certainly hadnt expected this.Where did you hear this? demanded Robert.From a co uple I met in Russia. Their names are Mark and Oksana.Mark and Oksana Again, Roberts gaze slipped away for a moment. I had a feeling this happened a lot, that he didnt spend much time in reality. I didnt know they were still together.They are. Theyre doing really great. I needed him back in the present. Is it true? Did you do what they said? Is it possible?Roberts responses were always preceded by a pause. Her.Huh?It was a woman. I freed her.I gasped in spite of myself, hardly daring to process his words.Youre lying. It was Adrian who spoke, his tone harsh.Robert glanced at him with an expression amused and scornful. And who are you to say that? How can you tell? Youve bruised and abused your powers so much, its a wonder you can even touch the magic anymore. And all these things you do to yourself it doesnt truly help, does it? Spirits punishment still affects you before long you wont be able to tell reality from dream.The words stunned Adrian for a moment, but he kept going. I don t need any physical signs to see that youre lying. I know you are because what youre describing is impossible. Theres no way to save a Strigoi. When theyre gone, theyre gone. Theyre dead(a). Undead. Forever .That which is dead doesnt always stay dead. Roberts words werent directed at Adrian. They were spoken to me. I shivered.How? How did you do it?With a stake. She was killed with a stake, and in doing so, was brought back to life.Okay, I said. That is a lie. Ive killed plenty of Strigoi with stakes, and believe me, they stay dead.Not just any stake. Roberts fingers danced along the edge of his glass. A finicky stake.A stake bewitch with spirit, said Lissa suddenly.He lifted his eyes to her and smiled. It was a creepy smile. Yes. You are a clever, clever girl. A clever, gentle girl. calm and kind. I can see it in your aura.I stared off at the table, my mind in overdrive. A stake charmed with spirit. Silver stakes were charmed with the four main Moroi elements earth, air, water, and fire. It was that infusion of life that destroyed the undead force within a Strigoi. With our recent discovery of how to charm objects with spirit, infusing a stake had never even occurred to us. Spirit healed. Spirit had brought me back from the dead. In association with the other elements within a stake, was it truly possible that the twisted darkness that gripped Strigoi could be obliterated, thus restoring that person to their rightful state? I was grateful for the foods arrival because my brain was still moving sluggishly. The egg rolls provided a welcome opportunity to think.Is it really that easy? I asked at last.Robert scoffed. Its not easy at all.But you just said you just said we need a spirit-charmed stake. And then I kill a Strigoi with it. Or well, not kill. The technicalities were irrelevant.His smile returned. Not you. You cant do it.Then who I stopped, the rest of my words dying on my lips. No. No.The shadow-kissed dont have the gift of life. Only the spirit-bl essed, he explained. The question is Whos capable of doing it? conciliate Girl or Drunken Sod? His eyes flicked between Lissa and Adrian. My wager would be on Gentle Girl.Those words were what snapped me out of my stunned state. In fact, they were what shattered this whole thing, this far-fetched dream of saving Dimitri.No, I repeated. plane if it was possibleand Im not sure if I believe youshe cant do it. I wont let her.And in a turn of events almost as astonishing as Roberts revelation, Lissa spun toward me, anger flooding our bond. And since when can you tell me what I can or cant do?Since I dont recall you ever taking guardian training and teaching to stake a Strigoi, I returned evenly, trying to keep my voice calm. You only punched Reed, and that was hard enough. When Avery Lazar had tried to take over Lissas mind, shed sent her shadow-kissed brother to do some dirty work. With my help, Lissa had punched him and kept him away. It had been beautifully executed, but shed hate d it.I did it, didnt I? she exclaimed.Liss, throwing a punch is nothing like staking a Strigoi. And thats not even counting the fact that you have to get near one in the first place. You think you could get in range before one bit you or snapped your neck? No.Ill learn. The determination in her voice and mind was admirable, but it took guardians decades to learn what we didand plenty still got killed.Adrian and Eddie looked uncomfortable in the midst of our bickering, but Victor and Robert seemed both intrigued and amused. I didnt like that. We werent here for their entertainment.I tried to deflect the dangerous exit by turning back to Robert. If a spirit user brought back a Strigoi, then that person would become shadow-kissed. I didnt point out the obvious conclusion to Lissa. Part of what had driven Avery crazy (aside from figure spirit usage) had been bonding with more than one person. Doing so created a very unstable situation that cursorily led all people involved into darkne ss and insanity.Roberts eyes grew dreamy as he stared beyond me. Bonds form when someone dieswhen their soul has actually left and moved onto the world of the dead. Bringing it back is what makes them shadow-kissed. Deaths mark is upon them. His gaze suddenly snapped onto me. Just as it is on you.I refused to avoid his eyes, despite the chill his words sent through me. Strigoi are dead. Saving one would mean its soul was brought back from the world of the dead too.No, he argued. Their souls do not move on. Their souls linger neither in this world nor the next. Its wrong and unnatural. Its what makes them what they are. violent death or saving a Strigoi sends the soul back to a normal state. There is no bond.Then theres no danger, Lissa said to me.Aside from a Strigoi killing you, I pointed out.RoseWell finish this conversation later. I gave her a hard look. We held each others gazes a moment, and then she turned to Robert. There was still an obstinacy in the bond I didnt like.How d o you charm the stake? she asked him. Im still learning.I again started to chastise her and then thought better of it. Maybe Robert was wrong. Maybe all it actually took to convert a Strigoi was a spirit-infused stake. He only thought a spirit user had to do it because he had done it. Allegedly. Besides, Id much rather Lissa preoccupy herself with charming than fighting. If the charm part sounded too hard, she might have to give up altogether.Robert glanced at me and then Eddie. One of you must have a stake on you. Ill show you.You cant take a stake out in public, exclaimed Adrian, in what was a remarkably wise observation. It might be weird for humans, but its still obvious that its a weapon.Hes right, Eddie said.We could go back to the room after dinner, said Victor.He had that perfectly pleasant and bland look on his face. I studied him, hoping my expression showed my distrust. Even with her zeal, I could sense the hesitation in Lissa too. She wasnt keen on following any suggesti on of Victors. Wed seen in the past how desperately far Victor would go in attempting to fulfill his plans. Hed convinced his own daughter to turn Strigoi and help him escape jail. For all we knew, he was planning the same forThats it, I gasped, feeling my eyes go wide as I stared at him.Thats what? Victor asked.Thats why you had Natalie turn. You thought you knew about this. What Robert had done. You were going to use her Strigoi strength and then have him turn her back.Victors already pale face went paler, and he seemed to age before our eyes. His smug look disappeared, and he looked away. Natalie is dead and long gone, he said stiffly. Theres no point in discussing her.Some of us made an attempt to eat after that, but my egg roll seemed unsalted now. Lissa and I were thinking the same thing. Among all of Victors sins, Id always considered him convincing his own daughter to turn Strigoi to be the most awful. It was what had really sealed the deal for me about him being a monster. Suddenly, I was forced to measure thingsforced to reevaluate him. If hed known he could bring her back, it made what he had done terriblebut not as terrible. He was still evil in my mind, no question. But if he had believed he could bring Natalie back, then that meant he believed in Roberts power. There was still no way I was allow Lissa near a Strigoi, but this incredible tale had become slightly more credible. I couldnt let it go without further investigation.We can go up to the room after this, I said at last. But not for long. My words were to Victor and Robert. Robert seemed to have faded into his own world again, but Victor nodded.I gave Eddie a quick glance and got a curt nod of a different appearance from him. He understood the risk in taking the brothers to a private place. Eddie was telling me he would be extravigilantnot that he wasnt already.By the time we finished dinner, Eddie and I were both rigid and tense. He walked near Robert, and I stayed by Victor. We kept L issa and Adrian between the brothers. Yet, even keeping close, it was hard as we cut through the crowded casino. People stopped in our path, walked around us, through us it was chaos. Twice, our group got split by oblivious tourists. We werent too far from the elevators, but I was getting uneasy about the possibility of Victor or Robert running off through the mob of peopleWe need to get out of this crowd, I shouted over to Eddie.He gave me another of his quick nods and took an abrupt left that caught me by surprise. I steered Victor in that same direction, and Lissa and Adrian sidestepped to keep up with us. I was puzzled until I saw that we were approaching a hall with an EMERGENCY EXIT sign on it. Away from the busy casino, the noise level dimmed. body-build there are probably stairs here, Eddie explained.Crafty guardian. I flashed him a smile.Another turn showed us a janitorial closet on our right and ahead of us a door with a symbolic representation for stairs. The door appeare d to lead both outside and to upper floors.Brilliant, I said.Youre, like, on the tenth floor, pointed out Adrian. It was the first time hed spoken in a while.Nothing like a little exercise todamn. I came to an abrupt halt in front of the door. It had a small warning sign saying that an alarm system would go off if the door was opened. Figures.Sorry, said Eddie, like he was personally responsible.Not your fault, I said, turning. plump for we go. Wed have to take our chances in the crowd. Maybe the roundabout detour had tired Victor and Robert out enough to make escape unappealing. Neither of them was that young anymore, and Victor was still in bad shape.Lissa was too tense to think much about being led around, but Adrian gave me a look that clearly said he thought this traipsing was a brag of his time. Of course, he thought this whole Robert thing was a waste of time. I was honestly surprised he was coming with us at all back to the room. I would have expected him to stay in the c asino with his cigarettes and another drink.Eddie, leading our group, took a few steps back toward the casino down the hallway. And then it hit me.Stop I screamed.He responded instantly, coming to a halt in the narrow space. A bit of confusion followed. Victor stumbled into Eddie in surprise, and then Lissa stumbled into Victor. replete(predicate) made Eddie reach for his stake, but mine was already out. Id grabbed it as soon as the nausea had brush me.There were Strigoi between us and the casino.