Beauty Advertisement Analysis Essay

Advertisement or adverts for short is a form of communication for marketing and very often it is used to either coax, encourage and manipulate the audience – spectators, listeners, readers or a group of specified and targeted group to support the product or service at hand. Not only is it common but also convenient and efficient. There are a few approaches a company would want to promote or advertise their product or service. One of the many common and conventional methods of advertising can include billboards, printed flyers, web banners, web popups, magazines, newspapers and even human billboards. Before planning the advert, the product seller should weigh out and consider the three factors that would play a huge role in forming an effective advertisement. The three dimensions are cognitive, affective and behavioral information. Cognitive information would heavily involve about the already existing knowledge. Affective information on the other hand, focuses of the emotions of the individuals and behavioral information focuses on the reaction after reading, hearing or watching the advertisement. There are two ways for the individual to process the information given in the advertisement – systematic and superficial information processing. Systematic information processing is where the information attained is being scrutinized and analyzed while superficial information processing is where the information that is attained requires no in depth reading into the information and just coming up with an impression with the details on the advert. For this advertisement analysis, a beauty advert is selected and it would be critically analyzed to see if the ad is effective and appealing to the masses. To help analyze the advertisement various types of heuristics are being used. The different types of heuristics are, emotions – direct and indirect, attractiveness, familiarity, expertise, message-length, consensus, scarcity and consistency. These will be used to discuss and critique the advertisement. Emotions Emotions are one of the main factors when discussing persuassion. There are two types of emotion – direct and indirect. A direct emotion requires a superficial processing and it is based on a classical conditioning. Hence or this advert that focuses on a beauty product, one of the many common emotion that it would trigger would be curiosity. The indirect emotions that would be triggered from the advert, would be feelings of gratefulness or displeasure. At a glance, the advert may intrigue the audience by providing a more conventional method to resolve the problem at hand for the face or skin while the other feeling that would be evoked in the individual would be doubtful and weariness as there are various beauty products in the market that does not justify the purposes of the product. Attractiveness In general, every individual would be very prone to be attracted to someone who is attractive and likeable. Many adverts would usually have an attractive display or an appealing model to promote their products and services. The audience would be more drawn to the advert despite the product and content that is given. A famous celebrity, who is well known and liked, is being used as a model for the beauty product. A more attractive attribute of an individual would allow a much better start for an interaction between the audience and advertisement. With an appealing model, the beauty product that is being advertised would have a high chance of being likeable and interesting which would decrease the probability for the product to be turned down. Familiarity According to Zajonc (1968) individuals favor products and services that they have been regularly exposed to. Very often, the people or audience would be much more drawn to the product or services that they are able to relate to or if the product is considered to be recognizable to them. When familiarity is established between in advertisement and audience, the audience would feel the sense of belonging (Monin, 2003). Adverts that The advertisement that is used is familiar and also established a bond of belonging with the audience. The word natural and the attractive model that is being used for the advert is familiar to the audience – women – as we have an already formed perception of what beautiful looks like – flawless and natural looking skin. Which is what the model is showing off. That aside, it would also able to identify for individuals who are looking for a solution to their facial problems. Expertise Most often, individuals are easily influenced by the behavior of the experts or those who has the upper hand. The credibility of the source is important when an individual is weighing out their options. The individuals need to be assured that the product or services that is offered is trustworthy and competent as this would allow the individual to form a fast perception of the product or service. Advertisements would usually include pictures of an authority figure or include information that is factual. This advert however does not show or establish any from of specific and clear expertise and authority. Message-Length An advertisement with a long message length would be believed and seen as useful as more information is provided. The informative ad would be more appealing as it offers vital information about the product and services at hand. However this would only be useful and effective if the audience were to use a systematic information processing. For this advert, very short information is given but however, the information is direct and clear. But message length does not play a huge role when an attractive model is being used and it would be able to also entice the same reaction as an advert that is informative. According to Chaiken (1980), individuals would rarely check the validity of the message that is give but instead to the readily information given that would be analyzed. Therefore, in conclusion, information processing plays a major and important role when advertisements are at play. Like information processing, heuristics also influences decision-making. Hence, information processing and heuristics would commonly complement and work together when the audience has to make a choice. Thus when making a choice, the individual has to look for more options and weigh out the advantage and disadvantage, this is where the advertisements would play a major role and what heuristic that is being used would also be taken into consideration.

Honey And Mumford Learning Style Education Essay

It is normally believed that most people have a penchant with respects to interacting with, taking in and treating information to let them to larn ( Smith, 2003 ) . Different people adopt different acquisition manners where an optimal manner allows the person to larn best. The construct of individualized acquisition manners has gained a great trade of popularity in recent old ages of all time since the thought was proposed in the seventiess. To day of the month, there has been a monolithic copiousness of trials that can be performed to measure a individual ‘s acquisition manner ( Sprenger, 2003 ) . The undertaking is divided into two parts: Part A: To place and analyse my learning manner penchants through assorted questionnaires ; the VARK trial, Honey and Mumford acquisition manner, Myer Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) and Belbin ‘s squad stock list. Prem and Phil stated that â€Å" Learning affects public presentation because all public presentation can be improved through acquisition. † ( Prem & A ; Phil, 2008 ) . Therefore, this allows me to derive an apprehension of who I am as a scholar and how this cognition may impact my public presentations, both separately or within a squad environment. Part B: To discourse my personality type and how my learning manner may impact my calling picks. However, it is deserving observing that although â€Å" personality is a possible subscriber to acquisition, it is hard to specify † ( Davies, 2008 ) . Sigmund Freud used the analogy of an iceberg to explicate the complexness of human personality by proposing that most of the personality is hidden out of sight under H2O ( Freud, 2003 ) . Hence, placing one ‘s personality is non an easy undertaking, and trials should merely be used as a ‘starting point ‘ instead than as a agency to do definite opinions ( Bayne, 1997 ) . However, my consequences will give a general thought of a calling field that most closely fit my personality and strengths.Part 1: Who I am as a scholar?1.1 VARK TestThe VARK trial is one of the most normally used theoretical accounts to assist place an person ‘s penchant for having and analyzing information with respects to larning. It can as sist people to develop extra acquisition schemes. There are four manners for people to utilize, such as ocular, aural, read/write and kinesthetic ( VARK, 2009 ) . It is a model to measure a individual ‘s learning manner. The consequences of the VARK trial ( Appendix A ) suggest that my strengths in a acquisition context remainder on my aural accomplishments. I have a strong penchant for aural based acquisition since I like to listen to others during treatment to derive a different position which allows me to understand more of the subject being discussed. My group mate agrees with this by stating †Although Yin Sung is usually quiet during group activities, she is an active hearer of other people ‘s positions and attentions about other people ‘s ideas, † ( Vicky, 2010 ) . Another portion of the trial consequences that I peculiarly agree with is that my written/reading accomplishments rather weak and is n't my preferable method of larning. Having merely late moved to analyze in the UK, English is non my first linguistic communication which could explicate why this type of acquisition is non one of my chief strengths, although my proficiency is bettering a batch. Since, the western educational system places a batch of accent on reading and authorship, I believe that I will derive a batch of betterment in this acquisition facet as clip goes on with added pattern. However, I am a spot surprised by my low mark on my kinaesthetic accomplishments. I have ever thought that I am person that learns good when given the chance to see something via a ‘hands on attack ‘ . For illustration, I find that I am able to pick up new accomplishments easy ( i.e. badminton ) when I am able to physically seek it out instead than merely reading from a book on how to play.1.2 Honey and Mumford Learning StyleThe Honey and Mumford ‘s ( 1992 ) Learning Style identifies and categorises an person ‘s learning manner. There are four possible manners ; an militant, reflector, theoretician and pragmatist, with a sum of 80 inquiries in the trial ( Honey and Mumford, 1992 ) . Harmonizing to the consequences of the Honey and Mumford larning manner questionnaire ( Appendix B ) I adopt a high reflector outlook. I agree with the bulk of the description of the reflector which I believe to the full depict me. A Reflector is a careful individual who prefers to take a back place in group treatments ( Honey and Mumford, 1992 ) . I like to listen to other people ‘s positions before I come to decisions and take my clip before doing any determinations. Being less self-asserting and be givening to keep back from engagement, I believe that I will work good and larn more expeditiously if placed around an militant, as one would be able to promote me to undertake state of affairss via a more ‘head on ‘ attack. This would heighten my engagement in group activities and treatments. In understanding with my VARK consequences, the Honey and Mumford trial suggests that I am a good hearer which is one of the strengths of a reflector. I to the full agree with this since I have ever been person that likes to listen to everyone in the group thoughtfully. This gives me an chance to derive different positions from different angles before I come to decisions. However, a possible failing that I see in myself by being a reflector is that I spend a long clip when executing set undertakings. For illustration, during my last assignment, it took me in surplus of two months to finish it as I was brooding excessively much on the readying phase. I spent excessively long researching information before I eventually began composing my assignment which is due to my caution with respects to make up one's minding how to compose it. Although I do demo a cautious outlook, I do n't to the full hold with the description that a individual with reflector behavior ne'er likes to take hazards. I on occasion like to step out of my ‘comfort zone ‘ to see things that I have ne'er experienced before to broaden my ain cognition. For illustration, I chose to go forth my place and familiar milieus in Hong Kong to analyze in the UK. I besides like to take up activities and avocations that I have ne'er tried before.1.3 Myers Briggs Type IndicatorThe Myer Briggs type Indicator ( MBTI ) is a questionnaire used to place an person ‘s personality type based on Carl Jung theories. MBTI categorises persons into two maps, such as extroversion or invagination which is the penchant in which an person prefers to direct their energy ( Madeline & A ; Rebecca, 1988 ) . For illustration, one that likes to direct their energy to cover with outer things, state of affairss or other people is deemed to hold a penchant for extrov ersion. Conversely, a individual that likes to cover with thoughts, information, accounts or the ‘inner universe ‘ , so their penchant is invagination. The consequences of the MBTI ( Appendix C ) suggest that I have a dominant introspective map, with a high penchant for introspective detection as demonstrated by my high mark in ISFJ. These consequences show that I like to listen to others and to absorb every bit much information as possible in a peculiar state of affairs, to spread out my cognition and to accomplish a clear apprehension of a subject. These compliment good with my consequences from the Honey and Mumford trial mentioned above. The consequences besides suggest that I am a difficult working person, which I feel describes me good. I like to get down early and guarantee that I perform undertakings to the best of my ability. Sing my academic life, I tend to analyze at least five hours a twenty-four hours. I besides begin my research for assignments long before the deadline. For illustration, although this professional undertaking is due for entry in April 2010, I have been fixing and making the necessary reading since October 2009. The MBTI consequences besides suggest that I have an of import penchant for extrovert feeling, as demonstrated by my high ESFJ mark. I am person that likes to concentrate on edifice harmoniousness in the universe around me and construct positive relationships. Besides, I ever value other people ‘s parts during work or other activities. My old employer said â€Å" Sung Yin is a really personable person that is popular with the clients and staff which creates a really positive ambiance around the topographic point, † ( Mrs Poon, 2008 ) . I will ever seek to carry people to hold with my positions if their sentiments are different to mine. However, I ever need to be careful non to pique those around me while seeking to make so. Briggs Myers stated that although ‘ESFJ ‘s ‘ are â€Å" friendly and sympathetic, they are really diligent and insist that others portion the same positions as them. † ( Myers, 1995 ) .1.4 Belbin Team InventoryThe Belbin Team Inventory is a trial used to estimate penetration into a individual ‘s behavioral inclination in a squad environment ( Furnham, Steele & A ; Pendleton, 1993 ) . The trial allows us the chance to find non merely our single aptitude strengths, but besides gives an consciousness of our place within a squad and how we are expected to lend. It â€Å" scores people based on how strongly they express traits from nine different squad functions. † ( Belbin, 1981 ) . Harmonizing to my Belbin trial consequences ( Appendix D ) , I have a major penchant for a function as a ‘shaper ‘ within a squad. A ‘shaper ‘ contains behavioral traits that correspond to my consequences from the MBTI. For illustration, a ‘shaper ‘ shows a thrust to win and to get the better of obstructions which complements my desire to carry through my aspirations and follow my clear ends. Although I display ‘reflector ‘ features, I besides see myself as a competitory person that thrives on force per unit area and challenges, which forms the footing of the ‘shaper ‘ function. My high school P.E teacher wrote on my school study â€Å" Sung Yin has demonstrated her competitory side during badminton category and has the necessary personality and desire to go a good participant in the athletics in future, † ( Mr. Yeung, 2001 ) . The consequences besides show that I am a ‘monitor judge ‘ proposing that I am an person that likes to measure all options before coming to a decision, which allows me to do accurate opinions. This agrees with my Honey and Mumford trial consequences which say that I am one who likes to derive different positions in treatment before doing determinations ( being a reflector ) . Finally, the trial consequences besides consider me to hold a penchant for a ‘specialist ‘ function that displays individual mindedness and dedication. These are traits that I agree with since I am a instead obstinate individual that does n't wish to alter my head one time I have my head set on something. Mr Robinson, my old employer said †Sung Yin is a really goaded individual with a clear way with where she wants to be and is improbable that she will be swayed from it, † ( Mr. Robinson, 2007 ) . I am ever dedicated to my undertakings at manus and ever give my best to make them every bit good as I can. This has allowed me to develop my accomplishments and cognition to a degree that means I can give a utile part within a squad. Despite what I feel is a reasonably accurate appraisal of my discriminatory functions within a squad, I do non to the full agree with a ‘resource research worker ‘ being my least preferable function. This is because I believe that I am a communicative individual which is a cardinal trait of the resource ‘resource research worker ‘ . As demonstrated by old trial consequences, I am a individual that possesses strong aural accomplishments. Despite regularly following a cautious attack to group treatment activities ( in line with my reflector personality ) , I like to inquire inquiries and take part in activities one time I feel comfy plenty to show my positions one time I have gauged other peoples ‘ point of views.Part 2: Deductions for calling pick2.1 Lifelong LearningEven from a immature age, I have ever been cognizant of the importance of larning new things to broaden my ain cognition base holding been invariably reminded by my parents to â€Å" work ha rd till old, and to larn till old. †A With an of all time altering society and increasing demand for ‘talent ‘ in any professional calling, it is compulsory that an person should non merely get new accomplishments, but to besides invariably upgrade these accomplishments to run into challenges set by the altering work environment.A This is the act of life-long acquisition which is the deliberate patterned advance throughout life of an person, where our cognition is invariably being expanded which allows us to efficaciously ‘survive ‘ in society ( Peter, Jenny and Shelagh, 1998 ) .A The essentialness of life-long acquisition has been good documented even every bit early as the seventeenth century where Comenius wrote that â€Å" no age is excessively late to get down larning. † And that one should ne'er do the error of ‘standing still ‘ in footings of accomplishment acquisition ( Comenius, 1996 ) .A Through my practical experience and l ife in general, I have come to the realisation that uninterrupted acquisition is a necessity to keep a competitory advantage over the many persons that seek the same calling chances as me.A Hence, I search for any chances to better myself through life-long acquisition. With my desire to better, I have late resigned from my occupation to analyze my unmarried man ‘s grade in Northumbria University. Prior to my surrender and subsequent move to partake in full clip surveies, I worked three old ages in the Bank of China as a Customer Service Officer ( Appendix E ) .A During that clip, I was working full-time, while analyzing parttime during eventides by go toing analyzing classes.A The part-time survey has allowed me to develop many cardinal accomplishments to rise my proficiency in making my occupation in minimum time.A This is of import because of the current unstable and competitory occupation market.A It has now become a demand for me to place a clear calling way for me to prosecute and so to develop my cognition towards the relevant countries to carry through the demands of my hereafter employers.A I am now analyzing an ‘International Business Management ‘ degree class with the aspiration to accomplish a future calling in the conc ern sector.A A A A A A Life-long acquisition will assist me supply a solid base for the development of indispensable movable accomplishments ( as discussed subsequently ) that would lodge to me throughout life and to help me in the patterned advance towards my calling ends. It is besides of import for doing me a ‘better ‘ person.A After all â€Å" it is the bottom round of the ladder of personal development. † ( Peter, Jenny and Shelagh, 1998 ) .A2.2 Career ChoiceHaving conducted assorted larning manner trials on myself, I have been able to derive a better apprehension of my acquisition penchants, personality and environments where I am likely to boom upon.A It is expected that cognizing an person ‘s learning manner penchant may assist that individual to define a possible calling way that is best suited for them, or even influence that individual towards certain calling choices.A Indeed, it is common for directors to utilize questionnaires to place ideal personality traits in their campaigners that would most probably be suited for their occupations which would help them in the choice process.A However, it is deserving observing that human behavior is extremely complex, and such trials may non needfully give an accurate or thorough appraisal of an person ‘s personality ( Freud, 2001 ) .A Hence, consequences of these trials should non be held absolute and should merely be used as a guideline to help a individual with respects to doing cardinal determinations such as possible calling waies to take.A Despite obvious drawbacks with utilizing these trials, I agree with most of the suggestions made by them sing my acquisition penchants and some facets of my personality.A In footings of employment, through my practical experiences, I have developed a strong desire to prosecute a calling in Marketing.A The accomplishments I have acquired to day of the month hold mostly influenced my involvement towards this calling way which, together with my personality, has made me see that I possess the ‘raw ‘ foundations to win in the selling sector.A In a study carried out by Honey and Mumford, it was found that the bulk of directors preferable employees that are ‘reflectors ‘ for Marketing occupations ; a trait that they believe would convey the biggest success to their company.A Having carried out a Honey and Mumford trial on myself, it was concluded that I am a strong ‘reflector ‘ , which makes me competently suited for Marketing. ‘Reflectors ‘ such asA myself likes to follow a cautious attack during group activities. This means that I tend to take an initial back place in group treatments, A preferring to obtain different point of views before doing cardinal decisions.A Being cautious, can besides affect believing in front in expectancy of possible obstructions. With selling occupations, it is of import non to hotfoot into determinations without first thought and planning ahead.A This is because, with the nature of the type of work, it is inevitable that there will be ‘lean ‘ periods so therefore, it is particularly wise to be prepared for such periods and to hold a program to move accordingly.A For illustration, a portion of be aftering in front is expectancy of alterations in the markets and happening new merchandises to promote.A It is of import to be cognizant that â€Å" the best selling enterprisers are ever looking for the following large money marker. † They are ever be aftering in front ( Scott Brooks, 2004 ) .A Hence, holding a cautious attack to things can be a good trait as it means that I am less likely to do incorrect determinations due to hotfooting into things and take necessary precautions.A My Belbin consequences that conclude that I have a strong penchant towards a ‘Monitor judge ‘ who likes to measure all options before coming to decisions adds farther support of my suitableness for a Marketing calling. â€Å" The ability to stay unagitated is one of the most sought after personality traits in the Retail profession, † ( John, 2007 ) .A Pressure can come in different ways, for illustration, when covering with unhappy clients who are dissatisfied with the merchandises sold to the ; It is the occupation of the seller to cover with the job and to reconstruct the client ‘s sentiment of the company.A Hence, to accomplish this, it is indispensable to stay unagitated under force per unit area when covering with these situations.A With selling occupations, it is besides of import to be able to react good and suitably to rigorous marks and deadlines that are set and to work towards them, which can besides take to coerce edifice up.A My Belbin trial consequences suggest that I am suited towards a ‘shaper ‘ function which is another ground why I feel that a Marketing calling is suited for me.A ‘Shapers ‘ are adept at executing under supercharging state of af fairss and with the added thrust to win. This is of import since there is a batch of competition within the market.A â€Å" Merely when you have your client on your side, are you able to efficaciously acquire what you want. † ( John, 2007 ) .A I believe this quotation mark highlights what a calling in Marketing is basically all about.A Success within the field of Marketing and Retail is extremely dependent on your clients or clients which means that good ‘people accomplishments ‘ leting you to link efficaciously with both co-workers and clients is essential.A On a personality degree, it is advantageous to be a ‘likeable ‘ individual which can affect being a pleasant person with a ‘cheery ‘ disposition.A â€Å" You are more likely to be able to negociate better if your client likes you, † ( Scott Brooks, 2004 ) .A My MBTI consequences have described me as holding a strong penchant towards extroverted experiencing which means that I like to construct positive relationships with people around me and to make harmoniousness around me.A This, in my sentim ent has contributed mostly to me being a personable individual.A The benefits of this personality trait are double. First, I would be able to sell my merchandises to clients more easy since they are likely to happen me a pleasant individual. Second, I am more likely to be on the ‘right side ‘ of my work co-workers and so they may be more likely to offer me their help.A Having identified a calling field that best suit my personality as based on my personality trials, I seek to accomplish a future calling as a Marketing manager.A A occupation of this sort would let me the duty to do cardinal determinations that will act upon the success of the company.A I crave the chance to pull off a squad, and to give a major part to the company that I work for.A A successful calling as a Marketing director demands certain personality traits in add-on to those mentioned above.A For illustration, it is of import that a Marketing Manager ( Appendix F ) is one that, non merely is able to do accurate opinion, but besides needs to stand by these opinions and non be excessively easy influenced by other people ‘s words.A In other words, they need to be prepared to â€Å" disregard naysayers, even if it ‘s those that are closest to them. † ( Scott Brooks, 2004 ) . Hence, being brave and besides individual minded can be seen as a demand in this sense.A The Belbin trial consequences have identified me as being a ‘specialist ‘ where the cardinal feature of this function is individual mindedness.A With me being a of course obstinate individual who does n't normally alter my head holding made my determinations, I believe I am suited for this peculiar calling pick.2.3 Movable accomplishmentsIn add-on to the right personality and occupation specific accomplishments, a wise employer will besides look to see what movable skills a perspective employee can offer.A The term movable accomplishments merely refers to a set of generic accomplishments in which an person needs in order to be effectual members of a flexible, adaptable and competitory work force and for life-long learning.A â€Å" At the bosom of it all, most employers are looking for people with common accomplishments and features. † ( Phil O'Reilly, 2009 ) .A Unlike occupation specific accomplishments, movable accomplishments can be used in many ways, gained through past experiences.A They are accomplishments that can be used in a assortment of occupations and situations.A In order to be successful in Marketing, there is a repertory of accomplishments that are required for me to efficaciously make my occupation which include clip direction, people accomplishments, leading, teamwork and good organizational accomplishments, amongst others. Marketing occupations rely on the ability to sell merchandises through interaction with a assortment of different clients. Hence, good communicating accomplishments are essential.A As identified by my VARK trial consequences, I have strong aural accomplishments that would be particularly utile in Marketing since the occupation demands that I have a good apprehension of clients ‘ needs.A Bing a good hearer, and besides person that likes to see things from different positions, this would let me to pass on efficaciously with my clients.A My ability to pass on good has been greatly developed through my past employment as a Customer Service Representative at the Bank of China and private coach, learning Mathematicss and assorted linguistic communications to kids. Therefore, good communicating now represents one of my cardinal strengths.A I am tri-lingual giving me versatility in my communicating accomplishments leting me to speak with a wider client range.A Good presentation accompl ishments is besides an of import facet of communicating accomplishment that is required in my hereafter calling since it is likely that It would be needed when advancing new merchandises for instance.A Fortunately, my presentational accomplishments have been greatly enhanced over clip through past experience in giving presentations during my past employment and current studies.A Having a good apprehension of the merchandises that I am advancing and any new merchandises on the market is besides really of import in Marketing.A Hence, it is necessary to hold good research accomplishments and besides to hold an unfastened head with respects to larning new material.A Bing a ‘reflector ‘ agencies that I happy to absorb information from many different angles and utilize it to do my determinations, while being a ‘specialist ‘ as identified by my Belbin trial consequences suggests that I have a natural avidity to larn and spread out my cognition in subjects at hand.A As I am likely to be working within a squad in my work force with similar marks, there is no uncertainty that good teamwork accomplishments are a requirement.A I believe that I possess good teamwork capablenesss holding already been in employment where good teamwork is a must, such as working with my co-workers in the publicity and derivation of comprehensive fiscal programs during my old job.A I besides actively partake in assorted teamwork athleticss that have allowed me to efficaciously construct on my teamwork skills.A It is my mark to accomplish a calling as a Marketing director in hereafter, which will demand extra accomplishments in order to be successful such as leading and ability to actuate myself and others within my team.A Bing a Selling director will intend that I will have greater duty, pull offing a squad or doing cardinal determinations that will impact company success.A Although I believe that I possess an ideal personality to set about such a function in a company, I feel that I will necessitate to better myself farther before I am ready.A With respects to movable accomplishments, I believe my biggest failing lies in my leading qualities, being a less self-asserting person that likes to keep back from engagement in group activities.A I understand that if I am to be a good leader, I will necessitate to better this facet by playing a more outstanding function in group activities and basically ‘stamping my authority'.A I do non to the full agree with the impression that leading is a quality that ca n't be taught, and some people are merely born leaders.A I feel that leading is a accomplishment that can be improved through life-long acquisition and experience ; hence I will boom to better myself in this respect.A â€Å" As with all accomplishments, they need to be learnt and no-one is born with them. † ( Phil O'Reilly, 2009 ) .A A A A ADecisionLife-long acquisition is an indispensable procedure for me to larn new accomplishments and besides to better bing 1s. It is besides extremely of import for my personal development towards being a ‘better ‘ individual, and one that is able to accommodate to an of all time changing universe. The changeless skill of new movable accomplishments is besides critical for calling patterned advance and to give myself a competitory advantage over those booming for the same chances as myself. By utilizing a assortment of different trials, I have gained an grasp of my ain personality, larning penchants and strengt hs. This information, together with my involvements makes me ideally suited for a future calling in the Marketing field.

Power of Culture to Create Better Future Essay

It is rightly emphasized that â€Å"The future depends on what you do today. † And whatever we do today represents our culture. Actually Culture is a word for people’s ‘way of life’, meaning the way they do things. Different groups of people may have different cultures. Culture is seen in people’s writing, religion, music, clothes, cooking, and in what ever they do which makes their country different and unique from others. Culture simply means to control the over nature. It includes the outlook, attitude, values, goals and practices shared by society. As different people have different cultures, they have different ways of thinking about and understanding the world and their own lives. As for my country, I believe that my culture is a lot different from others. My culture says to meet everyone with a smile. My culture teaches me how to do good deeds. It teaches me to prevail brotherhood. How would a nation survive without brotherhood? Without peace? How would u want your future to be? Violent? No right? So that’s how our culture helps to create a better future. We all would definitely want a peaceful future and if we follow our culture, we would definitely have it like we want. Our culture also includes the way we dress. Our dressing plays one of the most important parts in our culture. It shows our belonging to our country. As in my country women are supposed to cover themselves or they are said to be half responsible for violence. If we don’t follow this tradition then definitely our future can’t be good. If we follow these traditions now, our children who are the actual future will learn this and this would lead them towards betterment and as it is said, â€Å"A person without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots† Culture also means the integrated pattern of human knowledge and belief. And whatever people believe today comes from education. As Malcolm X said, â€Å"Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today. † Education is the main way for a better future. If we won’t be educated now, what will happen in the future? My country’s culture teaches me to get education, no matter how long you have to travel. And if we follow the culture today, we would get what we want in the future. Education is the key to success. It can help us in the development of our nation. People now days usually forbid women education but The founder of Pakistan, Quid-e- Azam M. A. Jinnah said, â€Å"NO nation can achieve anything, until it is women who go side by side with men even to the battle field. † Women and men are equal. This difference has been finished now days. There are working and successful women who influence our daughters to do something better for the future. That is the power of our culture. It influences the today’s world which inspires the new generation. Education also enables us to create new technology which makes our lives easier. Today, the world is much more problem free than the olden times. The reason is because technology is invented. More technology may help our lives get easier and lead us towards a better future. Cultures influence our lives. They teach us the rules to live in a country. Our culture also says to follow rules. We follow rules and this can be counted as a step towards betterment. Not following rules may lead to accidents and accidents are the first step towards violence and terrorism. Following rules, whether in our country, home, school or anywhere, can be counted as a help towards a better future. In the end I would just like to say that now a day’s people are forgetting about our culture. Following our culture might help us create a better future. Every little step counts. Now it’s up to us if we want to start the journey because as Bob Marley said â€Å"Every man gotta right to decide his own destiny. †

Joe Salatino, President of Great Northern American Case Study - 1

Joe Salatino, President of Great Northern American - Case Study Example As the discussion highlights understanding the perception of people is essentially important. The role that perception of a customer plays in a business transaction is very much significant for the growth of the organization, as it is due to the perception of an individual which affects the outcomes of the conclusion that an individual draws on a particular good, product or service. In the case study of Joe Salatino, the President of Great Northern American, it is evident that the understanding of the perception of the customers is essentially important for the employees working in Joe’s firm. As it is acknowledged before, the firm of Joe Salatino is a marketing firm that deals with selling and providing goods and services to more than 60,000 customers and offices in the United States of America. The firm is comprised of 30 sales team employees, who work efficiently towards achieving the major goals of the organization, Great Northern American. Due to the still completion in t he market from the competitors of the firm, it is important that the employees realize the needs and wants of the product and services that the firm delivers. Customer of the firm derives the perception about the product from the way an employee projects the product to them. When employees of the firm are able to effectively understand the way of thinking of the customer, then they stand a chance to control the customer’s perception and, accordingly, deviate from the process of conclusions made by the customers to benefit the growth process of the organization. It is important to procure different ways to understand the thinking of the customers. Active, attentive listening, which implies listening to the customer and also proving adequate response to their queries, effectively helps in understanding a person’s thinking and judging their perception.

Read either document 22-1President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress for a Essay

Read either document 22-1President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress for a Declaration of War or Eugene V. Debs Attacks Capitalist Warmongers - Essay Example It was the war between Central Powers consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Triple Entente composed of the Russian Empire, France and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which had become the World War I with the decision of the USA to support the Triple Entente. In this essay I will analyze the reasons behind such a decision of the American government within the context of similar decisions in favor of war that the USA waged in historical retrospective of a couple of decades preceding American participation in the World War I. After the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America announced on July 4, 1776 and final settlement of controversies between the States during the American Civil War that took place from 1861 to 1865, the American government started to work more closely on such issues as foreign policy. The geopolitical strategy of the United States was marked with expansionist aspirations at the end of the 19th century. These aspirations gained considerable popularity within the American society after the victory of the United States in Spanish-American War in 1898, which resulted in the decision of Spain to cede Philippines, which had once been Spanish colonies in the Pacific Ocean, to the United States. Neglecting the will of the nation of Philippines for independence from any foreign rule, the leaders of Spain and the USA signed the agreement that made Philippines a part of American sphere of influence, which led to Philippine-American war. It is important to understand the reas ons why the U. S. government decided to wage this war in foreign land and how the President of the USA justified this decision because, in my opinion, it was somewhat aligned with the reasons behind the decision of the American government to enter the World War I. When the Philippine-American war broke out, the public opinion in the USA as to the necessity to send American troops to Philippines was

Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ford Motor Company - Essay Example In the wake of industrialization a devastated event occurred in December 1984 that is consider the worst chemical incident due to the leakage of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas in the plant of the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) killing approximately 3,800 people (ICFTU, pp. 15- 25) in a sweep and several thousands injured with partial or permanent disabilities. The studies showed that the gas evolved in a cloud with the cold breeze and caught the local residents, suffocating them with coughs, choking, and irritation eventually resulting in massive death tolls. UCIL launched a thorough investigation with the consent of the local and federal government of India and another independent review by experts of Arther D. Little (ICFTU, pp. 15- 25) that both indicated the same conclusion. The evidence from the affected site showed the entrance of a massive amount of water in the tank containing the batch of methyl isocyanate that created an impulsive reaction with the heat and pressure, which eventually resulted in a lethal gas that invaded the whole plant and the residential areas. The independent review also indicated that the tragedy occurred due to the deliberate action of a skilled employee who introduced the water in the tank as the plant was certified with all the safety systems working at the time of accident that clearly draw the line towards the weakness in UCIL organizational hierarchy and strategically decisions (Browning, pp.1-15). UCIL has 50% stakes in the plant and the remaining by the Union Carbide Corporation.

The study of evidence of Degenerative Joint Disease in Essay

The study of evidence of Degenerative Joint Disease in archaeologically-retrieved human skeletons can reveal much about the nature of earlier societies. Discuss - Essay Example of activities the society held important, but again, this does not necessarily reflect the daily activities of the people, tending to focus instead upon ceremonial events. Perhaps a greater clue as to the daily activities, social structures and other lifestyle features of earlier populations can be found within the bones of the people themselves. By studying archaeologically-retrieved human skeletons for evidence of degenerative joint disease, much can be determined about the common activities of the people under investigation. Degenerative joint disease is also known as osteoarthritis, DJD or osteoarthrosis. It is a form of arthritis that is characterized by a degeneration, or breaking down, of the cartilage in the joints. In conjunction with this break down, there is usually an accompanying overgrowth of bone, a narrowing of the joint space, a hardening of the bone within the joint surfaces and a creeping deformity in the joints themselves (Burnett, 2005). While the disease can strike in several places, most commonly in the hands, fingers, knees, hips and spine, the cartilage of the joints breaks down faster when the joint is in more constant use. â€Å"Over many years and with activity and use of a joint, the cartilage may become frayed, injured, torn and may even wear away entirely. When this occurs, the bone surface on one side of the joint tends to rub or glide against the bone on the opposite side of the joint, providing a less elastic joint surface, and generating higher contact pressures at the e nd of the bone† (Burnett, 2005). With these kinds of major changes happening in the joints during the individual’s lifetime, it is easily understood that the disease would leave recognizable and permanent features upon the skeletons. Because this form of arthritis is the most common bone disease experienced by human beings and it can reach highly severe levels, restricting or removing activities from daily life, the presence of disease in ancient

Organizational Communication Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Communication Issue - Essay Example However this form of change was not coordinated well throughout all the departments as team leaders had to manage employees possessing different skills and attitudes. In order to lead the departments through organizational change it is essential that all the team members are aware about the benefits associated with the change (Boxall and Purcell 97). This will help to set up a common vision for all the team members and reduce the barrier between team leaders and employees of Hi-Fli Fireworks. On the other hand, a participative leadership approach needs to be implemented in the system so that team members can contribute their innovative ideas regarding change taking place in the system. I would rather choose Jasmine as my team leader than George simply because she believes in giving the required opportunity to her team members so that they are able to bring forth creative ideas. The chaos theory which she believes in, states that, often creative ideas are born out of rich soil such as chaos. There are other qualities present in her that makes her the best team leader such as being a charismatic leader, believing on her team mates, facilitating more of self managed work, and giving more importance to individual imagination of team mates. Hence she will prove to be a good leader in the process since she is more inclined towards creative thoughts in comparison to traditional approach of management. Hi-Fli Fireworks has adopted the best approaches toward organizational change and the firm has even appointed experts belonging to different fields so as to lead the change. However in such a scenario where there are two different management styles and different interpretations toward champion roles it is obvious that some form of organizational conflict will result. In personal context, I would prefer to have an organization that is free of any such conflict (Mumby 45). The major reason behind such opinion is that conflict open results into

Hun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hun - Essay Example God cursed Cain and Cain was the first human born and the first to commit murder while Abel became the first man to die. From the story, the immediate motivation for Cain to kill his brother was jealousy and anger. The jealousy resulted from God accepting Abel’s offering rather than Cain’s offering. Although no reason is given for God’s accepting Abel’s sacrifice and rejecting Cain’s, Cain took the rejection personally and thought that God rejected him and accepted Abel. This made Cain angry and he killed his brother. The story of Cain and Abel also contains other elements which are not as obvious as anger and jealousy. Cain was a farmer while Abel was a shepherd. While these two professions are complimentary in that farming provides grain based foods and herding provides meat, both professions require land as a resource and there is conflict between farmers and shepherds over land. Shepherds are generally highly regarded in the bible with most people such as Moses, Jacob and David having been shepherds. The New Testament asserts that Jesus is the good shepherd. Therefore, Abel had the right profession. Cain was punished to become a wanderer. Crop farmers typically settle in one place while shepherds move wander around. Therefore, the punishment essentially made Cain a shepherd since he could not wander around and farm crops. The story of Cain and Abel is the first of conflicts among brothers. This is a recurrent theme in the bible with the story of Esau and Jacob, Joseph and his brothers, David and his brothers and between Moses and Aaron. This story can be related to conflicts between brothers wh ich are common in the contemporary society. The story of Cain and Abel has various lessons that can be applied to the contemporary society. This is despite the contemporary society being largely industrialized and service oriented rather than small scale

Localize Management in a foreignInvested company in China from the Essay

Localize Management in a foreignInvested company in China from the practical, cultural and strategical perspective - Essay Example This questionnaire is on your views regarding aspects pertaining to the "Localisation of Management", a research topic. The information collected will remain totally anonymous and confidential. Please fill in all the required details. Effort and time spent on completing it is greatly appreciated. .. ____________________________________________________________ 13. Do you think that internal programs for developing managers produce a better grade ofmanagement talent than other measures ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 14. In terms of HR cost, is internal management development a more feasible means toacquire management talent ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 15. Is the ability of a manager to understand the customs, tradition and communication stylesin working with employees important ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 16. Does management in China require the understanding of the blending of Western stylepractices, where applicable, and Chinese principles ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 17. Has converting the staff to think in more progressive terms with regard to performanceand operational style been a big hurdle ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 18. It is the policy of our company to develop managers in the

Chagas Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chagas Disease - Essay Example More commonly, it is referred to as paleoparasitology (Ferreira et al., 2000). The discovery of the presumed parasite in the human remains is then extrapolated to the present relationship between the host and the parasite Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The reservoir exists in wild amongst various animal species constituting the sylvatic cycle (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The vector for its transmission is reduviid bug (family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae). These insects hide in the crevices, nests or human dwellings in case of domestic cycle and emerge at night to feed upon the blood of their prey (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The infection is caused by rubbing of the bitten area where the parasite deposits the faecal matter (Afuderheide et al., 2004). This leads to entry of the parasite into the blood stream from the breached skin or conjunctiva. Parasitemia may lead to acute manifestations of myocarditis or meningoencephalitis that have a mortality rate of 10% (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The disease may progress to a chronic stage characterised by flare up of febrile episodes and progressive damage to myocardium or gut leading to dilated cardiomyopathy or segmental paralysis of parts of gastrointestinal system respectively (Afuderheide et al., 2004). Researchers to study the archaeological remains for the evide... These findings were supplemented by discovery of dwellings made of mud bricks, which is a common habitat of these bugs.Molecular studies included immunochemical methods and electron microscopy. Histological sections have also demonstrated the parasite even in desiccated mice tissue (Bastos et al. 1996). However, the most vital tool that has enabled the authors to draw important inferences regarding the evolution and epidemiology of Chagas disease is the extraction and amplification of DNA segments of T. cruzi from mummified tissues.Origin of samples: Atacama Desert with its dry hot winds and arid climate has been a source of mummified tissues for many researchers (Ferreira et al., 2000; Afuderheide et al., 2004; Guhl et al., 2000). This type of climate favours the preservation of body tissues in a dehydrated form and nearly arrests its decomposition. Moreover, this geographical region coincides with the distribution of the disease, along coastal region of South America in Peru and Chile. South American natives buried their dead in shallow sandy soils that led to preservation of tissues in a desiccated mummified form Laboratory techniques: This desiccated tissue is rehydrated and pulverised and DNA is extracted. The extracted DNA is then amplified using the Polymerase chain reaction. The amplified DNA participates in the hybridization process with standardised primers and probes under controlled conditions. Hybridisation of the DNA extracted from the mummified tissue samples with the probe nucleotides constitutes a positive test result. Hybridisation can be identified by gel electrophoresis and analysis of bands by radioisotope techniques. Authentication and sources of error Concern has been raised

Dehydration of Alcohols Essay Example for Free

Dehydration of Alcohols Essay Abstract The dehydration of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene can be done through fractional distillation. Once the fraction has been collected it must then be dried. The dried distillate is finally tested to determine whether or not it has been dehydrated. The three tests used were infrared spectroscopy, Bromine chemical test and Bayer’s chemical test. The infrared spectroscopy showed a large narrow peak at 3062. 12(cm-1) and 3020. 71(cm-1) which indicates that there is a double bond present. To assure the results were correct the chemical tests were done. The Bromine test was found to be positive for cyclohexene. The OH group was removed from the cyclohexanol and replaced with a double bond found around 3062. 12(cm-1) and 3020. 71(cm-1) and the dehydration was successful. Introduction Fractional distillation can be used when trying to dehydrate alcohols. Dehydrating an alcohol consists of taking away an OH group. Fractional distillation separates the initial compound into separate compounds; depending on what their boiling point is. Cyclohexanol can be dehydrated to form cyclohexene. Infrared spectroscopy is used to analyze a compound and can give a breakdown of what chemicals the original mixture is composed of. An example of this is the long broad peak around 3200 (cm-1) which signifies an OH group in the compound. This technique is very useful to help determine what a compound is made of and it can also be used with NMR to give a chemical structure. Since infrared spectroscopy can be used to analyze a compound it can also be used to verify that you have the correct compound. Another way to do this is to use a chemical test. There are multiple chemical tests that can be used, one of them being the bromine test. A bromine test is used to verify whether an OH group is present or not. Another test is used with KMNO4 to test whether and alkene is present or not. Using both chemical tests and infrared spectroscopy to analyze the substance it will be clear if fractional distillation and the drying agent were able to work together in the process of dehydrating the alcohol. Materials and Methods For this experiment, 5. 0-mL of cyclohexanol were weighed and placed in a 25-mL recovery flask. A magnetic stir bar was added to the flask. 2. 5-mL of 9 M sulfuric acid was added to the same flask and mixture was swirled. The fractional distillation apparatus was set up with steel wool in the column. A 10-mL receiving flask was placed in an ice-water bath. Fractional distillation was started making sure to maintain the head temperature between 80 and 85Â °C, making sure it did not go over 90Â °C. Heating was stopped once the mixture turned dark brown and a deep green condensate formed. Distillate was then collected and transferred to a 25-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Anhydrous potassium carbonate was added with a spatula to the 25-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Flask was swirled occasionally for about 15 min while adding more anhydrous potassium carbonate until liquid no longer looked cloudy. The mixture left that was not distilled was neutralized by adding bicarbonate to the solution, slowly, until foam stops forming. Dried liquid was then transferred with a Pasteur pipet into a 10-mL recovery flask containing a stir bar for simple distillation. Another 10-mL recovery flask was used as the receiver and a calcium chloride drying tube was connected with a vacuum adaptor. The more pure compound was collected by maintaining heat from 80 to 85Â °C, making sure it did not go over 90Â °C. Distillate was weighed and percent yield of cyclohexene was determined. An infrared spectroscopy was run on the distillate by taking a drop of distillate and putting it in between two salt plates. Closed the salt plates with metal holders and then put it into the infrared spectroscopy machine. First an infrared spectroscopy was run on the cyclohexanol. Then an infrared spectroscopy was run on the cyclohexene. The Bromine chemical test was run by adding 2 drops of distillate to a test tube. 0. 1 M of bromine in dichloromethane was added to the same test tube. Then added drops of dichloromethane until color appeared if color disappeared the test would have been positive. If the color did not go away the test would have been negative. Finally a Bayer test was run by adding 2-mL of 95% ethanol to a test tube. Two drops of distillate were added to the test tube. Then KMnO4 was added drop wise until color persisted. Results Table 1. Mass of starting solution, sulfuric acid, and ending product formed. Solution| Mass (g)| Cyclohexanol| 4. 512| Sulfuric Acid| 3. 384| Cyclohexene| 1. 217| Table 2. Chemical tests done to determine whether or not the product was cyclohexene. Result seen by changes in color. Type of Test| Color of Starting Reactant| Color of Reactant plus Product| Bromine| Bromine was red| Mixture went from red to clear | Baeyer| KMnO4 was purple| Mixture went from purple to dark brown | Table 3. Infrared spectroscopy peak values representing different structures found for cyclohexanol and cyclohexene. Solution| Alcohol| Single Bonds (sp3 C-H)| Double Bonds(sp2 C=C)| Ring Structure| Cyclohexanol| Peak 13339. 25 cm-1| Peak 2-32930. 94cm-1, 2854. 63cm-1| N/A| Peak 51450. 92cm-1| Cyclohexene| N/A| Peak 8 and 112923. 83cm-1, 2658. 55cm-1| Peak 6-73062. 12cm-1, 3020. 71cm-1| Peak 281438. 15cm-1| The original weight of the cyclohexanol added was 4. 512 g. The original weight of cyclohexanol with sulfuric acid was 7. 896 g. The original weight of the sulfuric acid alone was 3. 384 g. The weight for the product, assumed to be cyclohexene, was 1. 217 g. The percent yield for cyclohexene was calculated to be 26. 97%. Cyclohexanol was distilled fractionally to produce 4-mL of cyclohexene at 88? C. The original cyclohexanol was put through infrared spectroscopy and was found to have a large broad band at 3339. 25(cm-1) indicating the presence of an OH group, large narrow bands at 2930. 94(cm-1) and 2854. 63(cm-1) indicating single bonds between carbon and hydrogen, and a large narrow band at 1450. 92(cm-1) indicating a ring. The cyclohexene was put through infrared spectroscopy which showed that there was no OH group now. This time there was a double bond between carbons at 3062. 12(cm-1) and 3020. 71(cm-1), single bonds between hydrogen and carbon at 2923. 83(cm-1) and at 2658. 55(cm-1), and a ring at 1438. 15(cm-1). The bromine chemical test gave a positive result for cyclohexene after one drop of dichloromethane was added, which changed the liquid from a red color to a clear color. The Bayer test made the substance stay purple after 1 drop showing it was negative for an alkene. Doing the bromine chemical test and the Bayer test on cyclohexanol gave negative results for both. Discussion The fractional distillation was used to dehydrate cyclohexanol collected fraction allowed it to be separated and then was dried. Only 4-mL of cyclohexene was collected from the distillation. Infrared spectroscopy was then used to determine whether the substance retrieved from the distillation was dehydrated and had turned to cyclohexene. Looking at the infrared spectroscopy of the distilled substance there was no broad peak which signifies that there is not an OH in the substance anymore and the substance is not cyclohexanol anymore. To make sure the substance was cyclohexene two different chemical tests were given. The bromine test had a positive result after 1 drop. The Bayer test had a negative result after one drop was added. There was a discrepancy between the two tests but by viewing the IR we can conclude that the substance was no longer cyclohexanol. This could be attributed to error such as the cyclohexanol not being distilled correctly, leaving impurities. The fractions may have been heated too quickly and the fractions may have mixed. There may not have been enough drying agent added to the mixture. Some future possible changes to the experiment would be to have more time to not feel rushed. This way it would be easier to heat more slowly and make sure that everything is clean leaving little to no impurities.

Blood pressure and heart rate in humans

Blood pressure and heart rate in humans Introduction: Blood pressure is the measurement of arterial pressure as a result of the contraction and relaxation of the heart. The pressure upon the contraction of the heart is normally defined as the systolic pressure while the pressure upon relaxation is referred to as the diastolic pressure. Both are measured in milliliters of mercury (mm Hg) and are most important in measuring a healthy blood pressure. The heart rate, which is usually expressed in beats per minute, is also important when measuring the strength and wellness of a heart. An individual with a healthy heart will usually have a systolic pressure of 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg (Bishop 2009). A normal heart rate is within the range of 60 bpm and 80 bpm (Weedman 2009). The most common way to measure an individuals blood pressure and heart rate is with a sphygmomanometer, a machine that when used correctly is able to accurately determine a persons blood pressure. Both blood pressure and heart rate are unfixed and constantly changing in response to the body. Factors such as diet, exercise and physical and psychological stress can alter the arterial pressure. An individuals blood pressure will increase when the vessels in the body constrict while the heart tries to continually pump the same amount of blood throughout the body. The blood pressure will decrease when the vessels increase in diameter and blood is able to flow through them with ease. High blood pressure is referred to as hypertension while low blood pressure is referred to as hypotension. An individuals body might react to pain or stress with an increase in blood pressure or respond to constant and frequent exercise with an over all decrease in blood pressure over a period of time. Hydration is an important part of the circulatory system. Appropriate hydration is crucial for normal body function. Hydration helps to distribute the necessary nutrients, regulate body temperature and dispose of waste within the body (Patterson, 2005). Water should make up approximately 60% of an adults body weight. A lack of proper hydration can affect blood volume, plasma volume and the volume of red blood cells in the body (Costill 1974). In the experiment we designed and performed in class, we wanted to observe different factors affecting blood pressure. We asked the question, â€Å"Does hydration effect an individuals blood pressure and heart rate?† We then generated a testable hypothesis that the consumption of water will increase blood pressure as well as heart rate. Materials and Methods: We began the experiment by choosing two variables, dependant and independent. The independent variable was ingestion of 16 ounces of water in order to hydrate an individual; the dependant variable was the measured heart rate and blood pressure. We also designated our experimental replicates groups. All together there were a total of 26 individuals in the experimental group. The entire experimental group was divided into pairs. When blood pressure and heart rate were taken throughout the experiment, they were taken by the individuals partner. We took three basal / resting blood pressure readings. To do so we placed the blood pressure cuff on the left arm of the individual tested and used the sphygmomanometer to determine the individuals resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as his/her heart rate. To correctly situate the pressure cuff on the arm, we assured that the cuff was placed approximately 3 cm above the elbow. We made sure there was no bulky clothing between th e individuals arm and the cuff. The tube leading from the sphygmomanometer to the cuff was situated on the innermost side of the arm, near the brachial artery (Weedman 2009). When wrapping the pressure cuff around the arm, we assured that it was neither too snug or to loose. We pumped the cuff with the rubber bulb until it reached 150 mm Hg. To do so required that we squeeze the bulb while our finger covered the air hole and releasing to allow the bulb to refill. Once at 150mm Hg, the sphygmomanometer gradually released the pressure until the digital reading came up on the screen. We then recorded the data and repeated this step two more times to have a total of three basal readings. After retrieving the resting blood pressure, we had the individual consume about two cups (16 oz) of water quickly (less than one minute) and the partner immediately took a blood pressure reading with the sphygmomanometer. We followed the initial post reading with four more readings in time intervals of three minutes switching off between partners. We recorded the systolic, diastolic, and heart rate for each of these readings. The cuff was taken off after each reading to allow the pressure to be reestablished in the individual between each reading. Throughout the experiment, the data was collected by each individual and then collected and put into an excel spreadsheet. The data that was collected included each subjects basal and experimental blood pressure and heart rate readings along with the relative temperature of the water consumed (cold or room temperature). The collected data was then analyzed using different forms of statistics. We used a â€Å"T test† as well as dividing relevant data into subgroups and found the range and average of the data. Results: In this experiment, we exposed a group of 26 individuals to dehydration and then had them consume a total of 16 ounces to rehydrate. Their blood pressure was then taken immediately as well as in intervals of three minutes for a total of twelve minutes. We predicted that hydrating an individual would increase their blood pressure and decrease the heart rate, however, we found that hydration in fact does the opposite. When organizing and reviewing the data for this experiment it is clear that our results for this experiment were relevant. Our data was calculated based on averages of pulse rates and blood pressures. Our averaged data was then organized in graphs and tables that were divided into subgroups based on the temperature of the water consumed (cold, room temperature, and unknown temperature). Finally, the ranges of each subgroup and T-tests were calculated based off of our data. We calculated three T-tests from our data. One T-test used results of average pulse rate readings from the cold, room temperature, and unknown water consumed. Another T-test was calculated from the average systolic results from the cold water, room temperature water, and the unknown water consumed. The final T-test used the average diastolic results from the cold water, room temperature water, and unknown water consumed. The values for each T-test can be seen in Tables 1, 2, and 3, T-tests. Because the values for each of the T-test was less than 5%, it can be concluded that the data collected shows a correlation between hydration and blood pressure and heart rate. In graph 1, the room temperature graph, the heart rate overall decreased. In graph #2, the second room temperature graph, the systolic and diastolic pressures also decreased. In the cold water heart rate graph, graph #3, the heart rate drastically increased. In graph #4, both the systolic and diastolic pressures decreased. Finally, in graph #3, the graph showing unknown temperatures of the water, the heart rate had an overall decrease. Graph #4 showed that the diastolic pressure had an overall decrease in pressure while the systolic had an overall slight increase. Discussion: Originally, we hypothesized that blood pressure and heart rate would be affected by hydration. We predicted that an increase in hydration would proportionally increase the blood pressure and heart rate. Our results do to some extent support our hypothesis and predictions. Our results show that hydration does affect blood pressure and heart rate. Our data collected generally shows that hydration, over a short period of time, will overall decrease the arterial pressures (systolic and diastolic) as seen in Graphs 2, 4, and 6. The data in each subgroup also shows that pulse rate will be affected differently by different temperatures of water. When ingesting cold water, the pulse rate generally increases, while those that consumed room temperature water have a decreased pulse rate as seen in Graph 1 and 3. A hypothesis that would correctly support the results of this experiment would be, â€Å"Hydration (the consumption of water) will decrease blood pressure while cold water will increase heart rate.† Though this hypothesis is accurately supported by the results, this hypothesis may also be incorrect. One way it can be determined that our results wholly support our hypothesis is the value of the T-tests calculated for this experiment. The value of the T-tests based off of the average pulse rate, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure were all below 5%. This shows low variability within the experiment and suggests that our experimental results are valid. Because the T-test was below 5%, it can be concluded that our results from this experiment are significant. Our results support the fact that hydration does decrease blood pressure. After much research, it is shown that, â€Å"dehydration and blood pressure are linked that it is not aging that leads to High Blood Pressure, but rather dehydration.† (Healthy Water 2007). Our results for our experiment relate to this statement because our data shows that hydration lowers blood pressure, and inversely suggests that dehydration would do the opposite by increasing blood pressure. When an individual is dehydrated, their blood vessels compensate the lack of water by contracting and heightening blood pressure. When an individual is sufficiently hydrated their vessels are filled with a high blood volume that holds the vessels open and relaxed while transporting water to fundamental organs and systems throughout the body. There were many weaknesses and flaws in our experiment and experimental design. One flaw in experimental design was the lack of a control group. Though basal readings were taken prior to the experiment, there was no separate group that was not treated with the independent variable and measured throughout the experiment. Also, our experiment was done in a hurry that could have affected the blood pressure and heart rate throughout the experiment. The sphygmomanometers that were used often came up with â€Å"error† which may have contributed to the insignificance of our data. Finally, there was no way of measuring the level of dehydration of the experimental group prior to drinking the 16 ounces of water. The data will vary with the different levels of hydration and without knowing the exact level of hydration of each individual it would be impossible to group them together. Though our results did not match our hypothesis, they were comparable to similar experiments. Our data did show that an increase in hydration will decrease blood pressure. However, our data and experimental design is neither accurate or acceptable due to errors in experimental design and experimental flaws. Literature Cited: Bishop T. 2009.Measuring Blood Pressure. Practice Nurse 38: 11-16. Costill DL, Dill DB. 1974. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. Journal of Applied Physiology 37: 247-248. Healthy Water. 2007. Dehydration and Blood Pressure disorders are linked. http://www.healthy-water-best-filters.com/dehydration-blood-pressure.html. February 20, 2009. Patterson SM, Rochette LM. 2005. Hydration status and cardiovascular function: effects of hydration enhancement on cardiovascular function at rest and during psychological stress. International Journal of Psychophysiology 56: 81-91. Weedman D, Sokoloski ES. 2009. Biology of Organisms. 5th Edition. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. P 173-184.

Geographic Major and Minor Faults of Pakistan

Geographic Major and Minor Faults of Pakistan Introduction: Pakistan is geographically situated in such a way that it consist of parts of two major and one minor plate namely Indian plate Eurasian plate Arabian plate Here Indian and Eurasian plates are major plates while Arabian plate is a minor plate which lies in the southern most side of Pakistan, while Indian plate is present on the eastern part and Eurasian plate includes the north western part of Pakistan. Therefore triple junction point is located within Pakistan (a point where three plate boundaries meet). Pakistan is a host of several minor and five major faults which runs across it they are due to the previous tectonic events which occurred in this zone the major and most important event which resulted in the formation of the five major faults and is perhaps the reason of minor faults and is sill affecting the geology and tectonics of Pakistan is the famous Himalayan orogeny which itself formed as a result of Indian and Eurasian plate collision in about 20 million years ago because of the continental – continental collision . Basically Indian plate which was situated within the Australian plate in gondwanaland and started moving towards north in a counter clockwise direction Neo Tethys Ocean was present between Eurasian and Indian plate a segment of this ocean started subducting beneath the Tethys ocean on its either sides/boundaries creating intra-oceanic island arcs due to the northward movement of Indian plate this arc collided with the southern Eurasia forming the continental-magmatic arc suture zone because of this collision folding thrusting occurred forming two major blocks Karakorum block and the kohistan ladakh arc (KIA) separated by MKT Main Karakorum Thrust. During the same time period rest of the Tethys ocean subducted beneath the Eurasian plate which afterwards caused the collision of Indian and Eurasian plate forming Himalayas this again resulted in the formation of thrust faults and fold the first major thrust fault which was formed here was the MCT (its branch in Pakistan is called MMT) th is was north wards dipping later on after its formation stresses shifted southwards and another active fault called MBT (Main Boundary Thrust) was formed by the under thrusting of rocks beneath the MCT, Later on stresses shifted further southwards leading to the formation of SRT. Major Faults of Pakistan Major Faults of Pakistan are as follows:- The Main Karakoram Thrust Fault(MKT) The Main Mantle Thrust Fault(MMT) The Main Central Thrust Fault(MCT) Salt Range Thrust Fault(SRT) The Main Boundry Thrust(MBT) Chamman Transform Fault(CTF) The Main Karakoram Thrust Fault (MKT):- The main Karakorum thrust fault was formed in cretaceous period (Coward et al. 1986) in the result of the collision between Kohistan Ladakh Arc and the Karakoram block about 70-100mya. Later on it was declared as a North Suture (Pudsey et al. 1985.) The Main Mantle Thrust Fault:- It is a regional thrust that is dipping in the north direction and it seperates the Indian plate from the Kohistan Island Arc. Area covered by MMT is 400 sq. km approximately and passes through the districts of Diyamir, Kohistan, Swat, Dir and Bajaur with a total length of 420 miles. It is extended from the region of Khar (Bajaur Agency) in west to the region of Naran in the east. Composition of MMT is more than 15 km thick Proterozoic gneisses and schists (Madin, 1986). The Main Central Thrust (MCT):- â€Å"The  Main Central Thrust  is a thrust fault which is dipping in a north direction and covers about an area of 2200km along the Himalayan mountain range. This thrust fault was first described by Heim and Gansser (1939) when they noted a contact between terrigenous carbonate rocks and thick overlying metamorphic rocks, mica schists and gneiss (Sinha 1987). It marks the boundary between the higher and lesser Himalayan mountains. It is a longitudinal thrust fault, and in many places is marked by a several kilometer thick zone of deformed rocks with varying degrees of shearing and imbrication (Sorkhabi 1999). Mylonitization and retrograde metamorphic assemblages also occur here. The MCT is the actual suture between Gondwanaland (India) and the Proto-Tehtys microcontinent to the north (Spikantia 1987). Movement along the fault has brought crystalline rock from the Higher Himalayan zone on top of Lesser Paleozoic sediments in the form of klippen in synclines (Windley 1995). These units are called the Outer Crystallines, as noted above on the map. Outer crystalline rocks, garnet and kyanite-bearing, were exposed by slip along the MCT followed by uplift and erosion of 10km of overlying rock (Molnar 1986).† The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT):- The Main Boundary Thrust is a different and paramount tectonic peculiarity along the whole Himalayan Belt. The MBT circles around the Hazara syntaxial zone. It speaks to the real zone of late disfigurement and the biggest seismic tremors. The MBT extends from the Afghan outskirt, and can be followed about constantly to the Assam through Eastern India. It is the absolute most strong tremor source in the Himalayas. Islamabadrawalpindi region is spotted at a nearby separation south of the western appendage of the MBT. MBT and MMT are for the most part considered to have distinctive sections while ascertaining the related seismic danger. The hanging wall of MBT carries the pre-collisional Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of the Northern Deformed Fold and Thrust Belt and post collisional folded Miocene foreland basin deposits in its footwall. The Salt Range Thrust (SRT):- SRT encapsulates southern edge of Salt range separating the Jhelum and the Indus rivers. SRT terminates in the west against Kalabagh fault and its eastern termination is near the right bank of Jhelum river. Chaman Fault:- The Chaman Fault is a real, dynamic geographical blame in Pakistan and Afghanistan that runs in excess of 850 km. Tectonically, it is really an arrangement of related geologic blames that divides the Eurasian Plate from the Indo-Australian Plate. It is a physical, essentially change, left-sidelong strike-slip deficiency. The slippage rate along the Chaman flaw framework as the Indo-Australian Plate moves northward (in respect to the Eurasian Plate) has been assessed at 10 mm/yr or more. Notwithstanding its essential change angle, the Chaman deficiency framework has a compressional segment as the Indian Plate is impacting the Eurasian Plate. This sort of plate limit is now and again called a transpressional limit. From the south, the Chaman shortcoming begins at the triple intersection where the Arabian Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate meet, which is just off the Makran Coast of Pakistan. The flaw tracks northeast crosswise over Balochistan and afterward north-northeast into Afghanistan, runs just to the west of Kabul, and after that northeastward over the right-horizontal slip Herat deficiency, up to where it blends with the Pamir shortcoming framework north of the 38 º parallel. The Ghazaband and Ornach-Nal flaws are regularly included as a feature of the Chaman issue framework. South of the triple intersection, where the deficiency zone lies undersea and stretches out southwest to give or take 10 ºn 57 ºe, it is known as the Owen Fracture Zone. While there is general understanding that the shortcoming is slipping at a rate of no less than 10 mm/yr, there is a report of volcanic shakes in Pakistan dated to 2 m.y. BP which have been balanced, for example, to show a slip rate of 25–35 mm/yr. Balances have been depicted all through the flaw in Pakistan that are adolescent enough that just the alluvium of the base of dynamic dry washes is not removed. The parallel mountain scopes of eastern Balochistan, (east to west) the Kirthar Mountains, the Khude Mountains, the Zarro Mountains, the Pab Mountains and the Mor Mountains, are a consequence of the compressional plate limit and are adjusted parallel to the Chaman deficiency development. The issue itself is west of these ex Minor Thrust Faults of Pakistan:- Some of the minor faults of Pakistan are as follows Margalla Fault:- It is a critical shortcoming, which runs along NE-SW course and joins the principle limit pushed (MBT) in the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxial zone. It passes north of Islamabad on the southern piedmont inclines of the Margalla Hills. As a consequence of this blame, the Datta development and the Samanasuk limestone are thrusted over the Lockhart limestone. There is no record or evidence of any late development along the Margalla shortcoming. Punjal Thrust:- Punjal push Fault is a noteworthy dynamic tectonic normal for some territorial significance. It likewise included a few fragments. This flaw meets the Khairabad shortcoming arranged on Northern Attock Cherat range. That is why, it is otherwise called Punjal- Khairabad push. Kalabagh fault:- It is a noticeable right-sidelong strike-slip issue which stretches out between Kalabagh and Mianwali. It truncates at the western edge of the Salt Range. Kurram Fault:- Kurram Thrust is a NNE-WSW inclining north-ward dipping dynamic tectonic peculiarity dividing the Kakar Khorsan Flysh bowl in the north and the west from Bela Ophiolite pushed and fold sash in the east and south. Sulaiman Range Fault:- In Sulaiman range, two left-parallel wrench faults eastern and western edge of the extent have been distinguished. On the eastern side, two faults constitute a left-parallel deficiency framework having Chaudhan fault and Domanda fault. On the western side, there are three N-S trending faults constituting a left-sidelong blame framework. These shortcomings involve Thakht-e- Sulaiman fault, Manikhawa shortcoming fault, and Moghulkot fault. Kirthar Fault:- Kirthar fault is very much a quite prominent N-S inclining lineament on the satellite symbolism. Kirthar fault alongside the other N-S inclining en-chelon fault of the Kirthar reach front and foothills are considered seismically dynamic. Various earthquake epicenters are spotted in this area, which have been connected with this fault. Ghazaband Fault:- Orientation of this fault is NE-SW, which is located within the vicinity of Ghazaband Pass Kirdgap region. At some points the fault is concealed under the alluvium. In Southward it combines with Chaman/Oranch-Nal transform fault system. Pab Fault The trend of Pab fault is NE-SW that is found along the western boundary of Khude fold belt. Pab thrust is positive seismically and is located N-W of the Karachi. Hoshab Fault Hoshab shortcoming is one of numerous significant push shortcomings which partition the Makran locale into a number of push bound pieces. Hoshab deficiency is arranged in the Makan union zone, which is a strongly distorted, east-west inclining overlap and push sash. This shortcoming has an circular segment shape having east-west inclining close to the Nasirabad and Hoshab zones, however eastward it swings to the north-east until it runs parallel to Mashkai rud. Nai Rud Fault It is one of the active thrust faults .It is trending E-W and found within the vicinity of fold and thrust belts, pertaining to the Makran convergence zone Nai-Rud fault has a  NE-SW trending, runs parallel to the Nai Rud valley and bears the left-lateral strike-slip component. Run of Kutch Fault:- Run of Kutch is a dynamic deficiency of territorial degree having an east-west direction. The  augmentations of this fault in the east as well as the west may be, actually, not all that overall characterized. On the other hand, two essential conceivable outcomes have been recommended as such; for east ward expansion, either blame reaches out along the hub of the incredible Run of Kutch or it stretches out to 50 km east of post Sidry, where it bends North-east-ward to take after the geomorphic limit between the Thar desert and the extraordinary Run of Kutch. It is seismically dynamic, which is apparent by a few major and minor quakes related to this local tectonic limit. References:- Geology and tectonics of Pakistan 1997 by A. H. Kazmi and M. Q. Jan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Central_Thrust http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Chapters/1486S-5.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaman_Fault http://www.geo.arizona.edu/geo5xx/geo527/Himalayas/geology.html

Urban Consolidation :: essays papers

Urban Consolidation Factors and Fallacies in Urban Consolidation: Introduction As proponents of urban consolidation and consolidated living continue to manifest in our society, we must ensure that our acknowledgment of its benefits, and the problems of its agitator (sprawl), do not hinder our caution over its continually changing objectives. Definition Like much urban policy, the potential benefits that urban consolidation and the urban village concept seek to offer are substantially undermined by ambiguous definition. This ambiguity, as expressed through a general lack of inter-governmental and inter-professional cohesion on this policy, can best be understood in terms of individual motives (AIUSH,1991). * State Government^s participatory role in the reduction of infrastructure spending. * Urban Professional^s recognition of the increased variability, robustness, and interest in both the urban area and their work. * Conservation Activist^s commendation of the lower consumption of resources, and reduced pressure on sensitive environment areas, suggestive of a reduction in urban sprawl. * The Development Industry^s equations of profit established through better and higher levels of land use. Essentially urban consolidation proposes an increase of either population or dwellings in an existing defined urban area (Roseth,1991). Furthermore, the suburban village seeks to establish this intensification within a more specific agenda, in which community is to be centred by public transport nodes, and housing choice is to be widened with increased diversity of housing type (Jackson,1998). The underlying premise of this swing towards urban regeneration, and the subsequent debate about higher-density development, is the reconsideration of the suburban ideal and the negative social and environmental implications inherent in its continuation (Johnson, 1994). In reference to this regeneration is the encouragement of greater community participation, a strengthening and broadening of urban life and culture, and a halt to physical, environmental and economic decline (Hill,1994). Myths and Misunderstanding The relative successes of practical solutions to the urban consolidation model are constrained within the assumptions underpinning them. Appropriating community desire towards a more urban lifestyle ignores the basic fact that people chose to live in the suburbs (Stretton,1975). Suburbia as an ideal, is a preference based on perpetual stability, be it though neighbourhood identity or the act of home ownership ^ a view not reflected in planning models heavily biased towards highly mobile societies. Cost benefits deemed to be provided by higher-density living, in terms of more efficient use of infrastructure, are realized primarily in the private sectors (Troy,1998). A result inconclusive to State government objectives towards reduced public spending. Traffic reduction as an expressed direct result of higher-density residential living is largely incorrect. A falsehood achieved by using density as a substitute for sociological variables such as income, household size, and lifestyle characteristics (Moriarty,1996). Traffic reduction stems primarily from a decision to drive (Engwight,1992), a

St. Augustin Essay -- essays research papers

From the analysis of St. Augustine Confessions and Beowulf, it is clear that the two authors, St. Augustine and the poet respectively, differ on their views of death, which helps to paint a better picture of the world that each writer lived in. In Augustine's writings, death plays a major role in life; it serves as the stepping stone to a greater existence in heaven. In Augustine's world, Christianity and God both play an important role in how death is viewed. In the poets writings we see a different perspective, one in which the time you spend on earth is of great importance; very little thought is given to life after death. Although God is mentioned and discussed throughout the writing, it is a very different perspective than the one shown by Augustine. In the writing of St. Augustine, the reader gets a small glimpse of what life was like in the Roman Empire in the forth century, and more particularly how death was viewed during this period. According to the Confessions, life, though valued, was just a time spent before God chose to bring your soul to heaven; contingent of course on the fact that you were a Christian. 'Yet in a moment, before we had reached the end of the first year of a friendship….you took him from this world (Confessions, 75).'; 'When all hope of saving him was lost, he was baptized as he lay unconscious (Confessions, 75).'; This passage about St. Augustine's friend helps to illustrate that as death drew near in Augustine's time, thoughts went to the after life in heaven. This hypothesis is furthered when Augustine writes about the death of his mother. 'And so on the ninth day of her illness, when she was fifty-six and I was thirty-three, her pious and devoted soul was set free from the body (Confessions, 2 00).'; Some might argue that the sorrow that Augustine describes at both the deaths of his friend and mother illustrates that death was not looked on as a passage to life in heaven, but as a very sorrowful and deplorable event. Though Augustine admits to feeling great sorrow at the death of those close to him, he goes on to point out that these feelings are merely of the imperfect body. When one lets go and listens to his soul he will see that all things begin and end with God. 'For the senses of the body are sluggish, because they are senses of flesh and blood…They are limited by their own nature (Confessions, ... ...n a rich shroud or embalmed with spices, nor did she wish to have a special monument or a grave in her own country…All she wanted was that we should remember her at your altar, (Confessions, 204).'; This is a very strong example of how different the worlds of St. Augustine and the poet were. From the limited view of the life presented by the authors of the Confessions and Beowulf, it is easy to see that the worlds in which they lived were very different. The world of St. Augustine seems well ordered and compact with cities and government officials. It seems to be a highly intellectual culture strongly influenced by religion and God. The world of the poet seems much different in nature than that of St. Augustine. The poet's world seems to be much less organized and vast, with various kings as opposed to government officials. It seems to be populated with many roaming bands, and the people seem to be much less intellectually and religiously motivated. It seems they lived simple lives in a constant search for glory and notoriety. With such different cultures it is not difficult to concede that their respective views on death would be as diverse as the cultures themselves.

Research Plan Essay

As part of your research plan, you must first draft a research question for your research paper that will guide the rest of your writing. A research question, which is more specific and focused than a general topic, is the question that your research paper will be answering. For example, if your general area of interest is Social Security, a possible research question might ask â€Å"How could low-income families save more money if the United States had a reformed Social Security plan that included personal retirement accounts? † As you develop a research question, keep in mind that you will need to research sources to support your topic. Do not pick a one-sided question that will limit your research. Instead, develop a research question that lends itself to further exploration and debate—a question you genuinely want to know the answer to. Try to pick a research question that is not too broad (covering too much) or too narrow (covering too little). It should be broad enough to be discussed in a short research paper. What is your general topic or area of interest? Recycling What is it about your general topic of interest that interests you? The topic of recycling interests me because there are some cities that so not make recycling a priority and I believe it is important to preserve for future generations. What questions do you have about the topic that you would like to investigate? List them. What is the history of recycling? What is being done in school systems to promote recycling? What are the benefits of recycling? What can be done in cities where recycling is not a priority to make residents recycle? The effects if recycling is not made a priority. What are the financial benefits to a community where recycling is a priority? Would any of the questions you listed about the topic make a good subject for a research paper? Pick or adapt one question and make it into a research question. What are the benefits of recycling? Why do you think this research question is appropriate for a research paper? I think this is an appropriate question for a research paper because there are many benefits with much information of the benefits. How is your research question significant or relevant to a wider community? My research question is relevant to a wider community because it is a worldwide issue in today’s society with much room for improvement. What background information provides the preliminary grounds for your research? I was shocked at how many people I have come to know that do not make it a priority because it is simply easier to toss it away. What are some expert or authoritative sources of information on this research question? The University of Phoenix library What type of materials will you need to review for your research paper? Plenty of articles to support the bases of my paper. What procedures will you follow to conduct your research? I will need to further brain storm and take notes on the articles I will be using for my paper and conpilling several other sources to ensure I have enough material to use. What difficulties do you anticipate in conducting your research? There is plenty of research out there and I need to cut it down to what is most important and relevant to what I am writing. Write a 250- to 300-word paragraph summarizing your reearch plan. Include the following: †¢The topic you have chosen for your final project. †¢What you hope to learn from your research. †¢What aspect of your topic you plan to focus on in your research and writing. This paragraph is just an intro of sorts. Don’t begin with â€Å"The topic I have chosen, or My topic is †¦ † — write in 3rd person (he, she, it, or in general terms) Recycling is a relatively new concept with very few states enforcing this as a law. Although recycling has only been around for about forty years it has come a long way in how it is viewed by many people and states. People across the country have now come to see the long term benefits to recycling and how it will benefit our society by reducing their carbon foot print and how it benefits the environment. While recycling has made big strides there is still much room for improvement with public awareness. There has been a big push in elementary schools recently, children are being taught from a young age, the benefits of long term recycling. There are many states such as California and, Oregon requiring deposits when purchasing drinking beverages to promote recycling by its residents, regardless if the person lives there or not, the deposit must be paid. This is just an example of ways other states are making recycling a priority. By being vigilant and constantly making recycling a priority we can reduce the amount of waste in landfills each year thus eliminating the effects of global warming and the release of methane emitted into the atmosphere and the pollution of the waterways. By committing to recycling not only is there a benefit to the environment but there can be other ways recycling can contribute to a community financially. By implementing an efficient program recycling can yield great profits. Now more than ever it is so important to make recycling a priority. Its imperative that we create a future, for the future generation to enjoy and if not made a priority children of the future will suffer.